Renaissance + Medieval Europe + Current Events

Renaissance

a period of rebirth and revival of Greek, Roman, and Islamic knowledge that occurred in Europe beginning in Italy around 1350 CE

Literature, philosophy, art, architecture, democracy, humanism

Roots of Greece & Rome

Humanism

a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual's dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason

Cultural Diffusion

How did the Islamic Golden age spread to Europe?

centuries of Muslim rule in Spain, crusades, expansion of Ottoman Empire

examples of cultural diffusion from Islamic GA to Europe

status symbol

For Europeans, having access to Arab knowledge was a…..

Crusades

Holy Wars called by Pope Urban II in 1095 CE

attempt for Christians to reclaim holy land from Muslims

purpose of Crusades

Jerusalem

the holy land

indulgences

free passes to Heaven

Byzantine Empire

Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of Rome in 476CE

1453 CE

The year of the Fall of Constantinople

Constantinople

Major trading city that connects Europe with Asia

The Ottoman Turks

The Byzantine Empire collapsed because it was conquered by…

Istanbul

Constantinople becomes

Roots of Roman Empire, Crusades start and end, Wealthy

Why did the Renaissance begin in Florence, Italy

The Medici Family

Rich, banking family

Patronage

Monetary sponsorship of artists by wealthy families or individuals

printing press

effects of this invention are: more people learn to read, text is translated into vernacular language, people start questioning church, Renaissance spreads North

Johannes Gutenberg

who invented the printing press

Machiavelli

political writer, humanist, wrote The Prince

The Prince

important document by Machiavelli, “is it better to be feared or loved?”

Pope Leo X

Pope during Protestant reformation, raises money for St. Peter’s church with indulgences, ex-communicated Martin Luther

Johann Tetzel

salesman of indulgences in Wittenberg

Wittenberg

city where Martin Luther lives

Martin Luther

very religious Catholic monk who disagrees with Church and publishes a list of 95 theses

95 theses

a list of disagreements against Church; posted on church door

Lutheranism

Christian religion started by Martin Luther

Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor during Protestant Reformation, hates that pope has more power

Protestant Reformation

disagreement with the Catholic Church that led to the formation of new Christian religions

Diet of Worms

a council that determined how to handle Martin Luther’s disagreements with the Church

Peace of Augsburg

when Charles V made it legal to be Lutheran

Frederick the Wise

“kidnaps” ML which allowed him to start Lutheranism because of his exile

Partition Plan

1947 UN Plan to create an Israeli country from Palestinian land

Hamas

right-winged Palestinian group, military force; US calls it a terrorist org

Benjamin Netanyahu

Israeli Prime Minister

Gaza strip

a Palestinian territory on the west-coast of Israel

West Bank

land on Eastern boarder of Israel; West of Jordan river, many Palestinians

beliefs

Lutheranism and Catholic church had different..(look at chart in notes)

Calvinism

John Calvin, huguenots, predestination

predestination

everything that happens, if you get to heaven or hell, fate, is decided at birth

Anglican

started by King Henry VII in England because he wanted too annul his wife

counterreformation

Church’s attempt to clarify church doctrine, strengthen spirituality, attack Protestant faith

Council of Trent

meeting held by Catholic church to redefine Catholic values, address corruption, ban indulgences, forbid books, and reaffirm beliefs

Inquisition

attacks heretics and protestants, tribunal held by Church to accuse and charge people of heresy

heresy

denial of Church teachings

Jesuits

started by Ignatius of Loyola, a group of missionaries that focused evangelizing through Education

Holy Roman Empire

Where in Europe did the Protestant Reformation begin?

Textiles

What was the major business of Florence?

Cosimo de Medici

who sponsored Brunelleschi?

II Duomo

major work(s) of Brunelleschi

The David, The Sistine Chapel

major work(s) of Michelangelo

Duke Ludovico Sforza

Who sponsored Da Vinci?

The Last Supper

Major work(s) of Da Vinci

Florence, Roman Papal States, and Milan

What are the three patronages we talked about?

Pope Julius II, Pope Leo X, Lorenzo de Medici

who sponsored Michelangelo?

Florence

What patronage(s) was Brunelleschi in?

Florence and Roman Papal States

What patronage(s) was Michelangelo in?

Milan

What patronage(s) was Da Vinci in?

Desantis

Donald Trump upset Republicans by attacking ____’s abortion ban

killing a Sikh activist

India denied…

Morocco

This country suffered one of the most deadly earthquakes seen in recent history

GOP debate

Donald Trump skipped a …

government shutdown

Congress moved into crisis mode because of a..

alcohol

The U.S federal agency prevented workers Antarctica from buying ____ in attempt to try to lower SA rates

United Auto Workers

The ______ threatened to strike against their companies

Syria

This country had a tragic drone attack

U.S economic sanctions

Mexican president blamed migrant border issue on ___

gang violence

Sweden has a problem with…

student loan

Biden launched a plan for ____ forgiveness

Venice

This area had a horrible bus crash

Ukrainian army

the ________ reclaimed a village

Zelenskyy

Ukrainian President

border wall

Biden allowed ______ construction

Israel

_____ has quietly helped fuel Azerbaijan’s campaign to recapture Nagorno-Karabakh

writers strike

The ____ was declared over after coming to an agreement

prisoners

_____ in Iran were exchanged for assets