CFPY401 Child & Adolescent Psychopathology Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering child and adolescent psychopathology, including classification systems, neurodevelopmental disorders, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, and psychosis.

4 Humours

A Greco-Roman theory that attributed mental health to natural causes, marking a shift from spiritual explanations during that era.

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)

Produced by the APA, this consensus-based classification system covers only mental health and is currently in its DSM-5-TR version.

ICD (International Classification of Diseases)

Produced by the WHO, this system covers all medical conditions, is free to access, and is used by over $70\%$ of psychiatrists globally.

Youth2000 Survey Series ($2001$–$2019$)

A nationally representative NZ study documenting mixed progress: a decline in substance use but a sharp rise in depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation from $2012$. religion.

ADHD Age of Onset

In the DSM-5, symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must be present before the age of $12$.

Takiwātanga

A Te Reo Māori term for autism, which translates to 'in my own time and space.'

Autism Severity Levels

A DSM-5 categorization ranging from Level $1$ (Requiring support) to Level $3$ (Requiring very substantial support).

Masking/Camouflaging

Hiding authentic autistic behaviors to fit neurotypical expectations; it is common in females and associated with long-term negative mental health impacts.

Adaptive Functioning

The core metric for DSM-5 Intellectual Disability severity, assessing life skills a person can perform independently rather than relying solely on IQ.

WISC-V

The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, a cognitive assessment tool that includes specific norms for New Zealand and Australia.

Specific Learning Disabilities

A condition characterized by unexpected academic underachievement despite having a normal IQ; it has a $3:1$ male-to-female ratio.

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Characterized by excessive uncontrollable worry for $6+$ months; it is the least treatment-responsive anxiety disorder.

Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

The most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in children under $12$, requiring symptoms for at least $4$ weeks.

The Coercive Process

A reciprocal escalating cycle between a child and caregiver where antisocial responses are reinforced because they successfully avoid demands or achieve goals.

Parent Management Training (PMT)

An intervention for externalising problems that focuses on reducing harsh discipline while increasing positive reinforcement and supervision.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A mood disorder requiring $5+$ symptoms (e.g., depressed mood, fatigue, sleep problems) for at least $2$ weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronic depressed mood lasting at least $1$ year in children or $2$ years in adults, with less than $2$ months of respite.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)

A coping behavior used for emotion regulation or expressing verbal distress; asking about it does not increase the risk of suicide.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder defined by the presence of at least one manic episode lasting $1+$ week or requiring hospitalization.

C-PTSD (Complex PTSD)

An ICD-11 diagnosis consisting of PTSD symptoms plus relational and attachment difficulties, often resulting from childhood maltreatment.

Inter-developmental Impairment

A term for co-occurring and interacting mental health difficulties, intellectual disabilities, and speech-language difficulties, affecting approximately $1$ in $4$ children in foster care.

Exposure-Response Prevention (ERP)

The gold-standard CBT treatment for OCD that breaks the cycle of reinforcement by preventing compulsions following obsessive triggers.

Tourette's Disorder

A neurological condition requiring both motor and vocal tics for at least $1$ year, with an onset before age $18$.

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

An eating disorder involving restricted energy intake and significantly low body weight; it has the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders.

ARFID (Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder)

Food avoidance without body weight concerns or fear of weight gain; it has high co-occurrence with autism.

Maudsley Model (FBT)

A family-based treatment approach considered first-line for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.

Psychosis Hallucinations

Perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli where the individual lacks insight into their nature.

Secondary (Organic) Psychosis Red Flags

Clinical indicators suggesting a medical cause for psychosis, including onset after age $40$, abrupt onset, and fluctuating consciousness.