psyc ch. 9/10

Conscious

Things that we are thinking about right now (at this very moment)

Nonconscious

Things we cannot control, such as blood pressure, digestion, and metabolism. 100% inaccessible

Preconscious

Things that we are not thinking about at the moment, but are easily retrievable, such as memories and knowledge.

Unconscious

Things that are below our awareness and difficult to reach. (Hint:think Sigmund Freud)

REM sleep

Paradoxical sleep (essentially paralyzed), beta-like, most vivid dreams occur, eyeballs twitching and heart rate crazy, all animals have it, younger= more REM

Insomnia

Most common sleep disorder; trouble falling asleep or trouble staying asleep

REM behavior disorder

No paralysis during REM; an individual acts out their vivid dreams, ex:guy beating his wife and not remembering any of it

State theory

Produced altered state of consciousness, no control at all

Role theory

Playing a part, the person has a choice or control

Manifest content

What you remember of what occurs in a dream, a dream you remember

Latent content

Hidden, but true context of dreams. What a dream represents or symbolizes, Sigmund Freud

Activation-synthesis

The brain is active when we sleep, dreams about boring normal stuff, dreams mean nothing

Informational approach

Strengthen memory, learn new information during the day-stay in REM longer

Freudian approach/Wish Fulfillment

Wish fulfillment theory, reveal unconsciousness, help us deal with things we aren't proud of, stressed out about, anxieties, regrets

Agonists

Term for a drug that mimics "acts like" a neurotransmitter and produces similar effects

Antagonists

Term for a drug that prevents/blocks a neurotransmitter from binding; no effects are felt

Psychological dependence

Condition in which a person needs the drug for a sense of well-being, but can still physically function without it

Physical dependence / Addiction

Addiction; a person struggles to physically function without the drug

Cognitive ability

The ability to reason, remember, understand, solve problems, and make decisions.

Performance scale

A nontraditional IQ test scale that involves executing motor activities.

Verbal scale

Poses questions to which the subject supplies symbolic answers (in words or in other symbols, such as numbers, traditional)

Aptitude tests

Tests that measure your ability to do something or learn something in the future. The test gives you information and then you have to use/apply it.

Achievement tests

Tests that measure what you have learned so far. Examples include chapter exams and quizzes.

Reliability

Consistency; an examination of how consistent and stable the results of an assessment are.

Validity

Accuracy; refers to how well a test actually measures what it was created to measure.

Psychometric Approach

Attempts to explain what intelligence is and how to classify a person as intelligent by IQ test, mental test- scores on those.

Fluid intelligence

The basic power of reasoning quickly and problem-solving, declines as we get older.

Crystallized intelligence

Involves specific knowledge, concrete facts.

Information-Processing Approach

Believes that highly intelligent people can process more and do it quickly. (fast-brain)

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Analytic (tests school), creative, and practical (street smart).

Howard Gardner & the 8 Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic, logical/mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic.

Cross-Sectional Study

A type of research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time studying multiple groups at the same time, quick data, make some assumptions.

Longitudinal Study

Type of correlational research, involves collecting data over an extended time.

Divergent thinking

Ability to come up with multiple solutions to a problem; related to creativity.

Convergent thinking

The ability to produce new high-quality ideas or products.

Learning disability

Conditions that may account for a discrepancy between a person's IQ and academic achievement.