psyc ch. 9/10

145. Conscious- Things that we are thinking about right now (at this very moment)

146. Nonconscious- Things we cannot control, such as blood pressure, digestion, and metabolism. 100% inaccessible

147. Preconscious- Things that we are not thinking about at the moment, but are easily retrievable, such as memories and knowledge.

148. Unconscious- Things that are below are awareness and difficult to reach. (Hint: think Sigmund Freud)

149. REM sleep- paradoxical sleep (essentially paralyzed), beta like, most vivid dreams occur, eyeballs twitching and heart rate crazy, all animals have it, younger= more REM

150. Insomnia- Most common sleep disorder; troubling falling asleep or trouble staying asleep

151. REM behavior disorder- No paralysis during REM; an individual acts out their vivid dreams, ex: guy beating his wife and not remembering any of it

152. State theory- produced alter state of consciousness, no control at all

153. Role theory- playing a part, the person has a choice or control

154. Manifest content- what you remember of what occurs in a dream, a dream you remember

155. Latent content- hidden, but true context of dreams. what a dream represents or symbolizes, Sigmund Freud

156. Activation-synthesis- the brain is active when I sleep, dreams about boring normal stuff, dreams mean nothing

157. Informational approach- strengthen memory, learn new information during the day-stay in REM longer

158. Freudian approach/Wish Fulfillment- wish fulfillment theory, reveal unconsciousness, help us deal with things we aren’t: proud of, stressed out about, anxieties, regrets

159. Agonists- term for a drug that mimics “acts like” a neurotransmitter and produces similar effects

160. Antagonists- term for a drug that prevents/blocks a neurotransmitter from binding; no effects are felt

161. Psychological dependence- condition in which a person needs the drug for a sense of well-being, but can still physically function without it

162. Physical dependence / Addiction- addiction; a person struggles to physically function without the drug

163. Cognitive ability- The ability to reason, remember, understand, solve problems, and make decisions.

164. Performance scale- A nontraditional IQ test scale that involves executing motor activities.

165. Verbal scale- poses questions to which the subject supplies symbolic answers (in words or in other symbols, such as numbers, traditional)

166. Aptitude tests- Tests that measure your ability to go something or learn something in the future. The test give your information and then you have to use/apply it.

167. Achievements tests- Tests that measure what you have learned so far. Examples include chapter exam and quizzes

168. Reliability- consistency; is an examination of how consistent and stable the results of an assessment are.

169. Validity- accuracy; refers to how well a test actually measures what it was created to measure

170. Psychometric Approach- attempts to explain what intelligence is and how classify a person as intelligent by IQ test, mental test- scores on those.

171. Fluid intelligence- the basic power of reasoning quickly and problem solving, declines as we get older.

172. Crystallized intelligence- Crystallized intelligence, in contrast, involves specific knowledge, concrete facts.

173. Information-Processing Approach- approach believes that highly intelligent people can process more and do it quickly. (fast-brain)

174. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence- Analytic (tests school), creative, and practical (street smart).

175. Howard Gardner & the 8 Multiple Intelligences (What does it say in general?)- Linguistic: vocab, reading skills, language, Logical/mathematical: math, problem solving, Spatial: relation of object: graphing, interior design, architecture, Musical: good ear for music: singing, playing, writing, Body-kinesthetic: sports, dance, cheerleading, videogames, hand eye coordination, Intrapersonal: self-understanding, know what works best for you, Interpersonal: working with others, people skills, Naturalistic: environmental, understanding global warming and pollution

176. Cross Sectional Study- a type of research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time studying multiple groups at the same time, quick data, make some assumptions

177. Longitudinal Study- Type of correlational research, involves collecting data over an extended time

178. Divergent thinking- Ability to come up with multiple solutions to a problem; related to creativity.

179. Convergent thinking- The ability to produce new high-quality ideas or products

180. Learning disability- Conditions that may account for a discrepancy between a person’s IQ and academic achievement.