Science Organelle Malfunctions

For science day 2

Mitochondria

The power plant of the cell, responsible for producing ATP for energy.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that stores genetic material and produces ribosomes.

Lysosomes

Organelles that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Ribosomes

The cellular structures that synthesize proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Cell Membrane

The protective layer surrounding the cell, regulating what enters and exits.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.

Vacuoles

Storage structures within cells for nutrients, waste products, or water.

Cell wall

A rigid outer layer found only in plant cells that provides support.

Autotroph

Organisms that create their own food using light or chemical energy.

Heterotroph

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Prokaryote

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryote

Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms found in various environments.

Protist

Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from organic matter.

Virus

Non-living particles that require living hosts to reproduce.

Parasite

Organisms that live on or in hosts and cause them harm.

Vaccine

Biological preparations that train the immune system to combat specific diseases.

Hyphae

Thread-like structures that form the body of a fungus.

Mycelium

The network of hyphae that forms the vegetative structure of fungi.

Spores

Reproductive cells of fungi used for survival and dispersal.

MELAS syndrome

A genetic disorder causing energy failure in cells, leading to fatigue and weakness.

ER stress

A condition resulting from the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Tay-Sachs disease

A fatal genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of hexosaminidase A.

Homeostasis

The process by which a cell maintains a stable internal environment.