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Piaget's theory of cognitive development

A theory that describes how children's thinking develops as they interact with the world.

Sensorimotor stage

The stage (birth-2 years) where children learn through their senses and develop object permanence.

Pre-operation stage

The stage (2-7 years) where children start using language and engage in pretend play but may exhibit egocentrism.

Concrete operational stage

The stage (7-11 years) where logical thought develops, along with empathy and seriation skills.

Formal operational stage

The stage where adolescents can think hypothetically and consider abstract concepts.

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development

Emphasizes the role of social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in learning.

Erickson's eight stages of psychosocial development

Describes stages from trust vs mistrust to integrity vs despair, focusing on key conflicts at different ages.

Gross motor skills

Involves large muscle movements, while fine motor skills involve smaller muscles.

Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)

Adapting curriculum and activities to meet individual needs based on age, culture, and social expectations.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Identifies different types of intelligence like visual/spatial, logical-mathematical, and interpersonal.

Developmental Play Stages

Progression from solitary play to cooperative play, influencing social and cognitive development.

Learning theories

Include Constructivism, Humanism, Collectivism, and Experiential learning, focusing on how students learn best.

Interdisciplinary

Incorporating multiple subjects into one lesson to enhance learning.

Flexible instruction grouping

Adapting groupings based on learning objectives and student abilities.

Assessment types

Diagnostic, Formative, and Summative assessments help evaluate student understanding and progress.

Educational laws

FERPA, COPPA, IDEA, FAPE, LRE, IEP, 504, and BIP are laws protecting student rights and ensuring access to education.