Musculoskeletal Disorders and Orthopedic Procedures Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering various musculoskeletal conditions, bone cancers, joint diseases, and orthopedic surgical interventions.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A condition involving median nerve compression in the wrist carpal tunnel, often resulting from repetitive hand/wrist movements, hormones, or lifestyle factors.

Crepitus

A grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage, identified as a sign of fractures.

Manual or Surgical Reduction

Treatments used to realign a displaced bone after a fracture.

Nonunion

A complication of fractures where a broken bone fails to heal completely or correctly.

Neurovascular Damage

A fracture complication involving damage to nearby nerves and blood vessels.

Thrombus Formation

The development of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, which can be a complication of fractures.

Compartment Syndrome

A condition where pressure builds within a muscle compartment, restricting blood flow, $O_2$, and nutrients.

Fasciostomy

A type of emergency surgery required for acute cases of compartment syndrome.

The 6 P's

Assessment signs for compartment syndrome including Pallor, Paralysis, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Poikilothermia, and Pain.

CSMTS

A neurovascular check performed every 2 hours ($Q2H$) for patients with fractures or compartment syndrome.

Osteomyelitis

An acute or chronic infection of the bone characterized by bone pain, fatigue, and the area being hot and red.

Osteoporosis

A bone disease that makes bones thin, brittle, and weak, often associated with a decrease in $Ca^{2+}$ and Vitamin D intake.

Dowager's Hump

An outward curvature of the vertebrae of the upper back (Kyphosis) associated with osteoporosis.

Wolff's Law

A principle mentioned in patient teaching for osteoporosis regarding the importance of daily weight-bearing exercises for bone strength.

Paget's Disease

Deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone loss, most common in the spine, skull, or pelvis.

Osteosarcoma

The most common primary malignant bone tumor, with 50% occurring in the distal femur in men aged $10-25$.

Ewing's Sarcoma

The most malignant type of primary bone cancer.

Chrondrosarcoma

Cancer involving cartilaginous cells, which has a better prognosis than other bone cancers.

Metastatic Bone Disease

A condition where cancer spreads to the bone, making them weak, brittle, and prone to pathological fractures.

Gout

A systemic connective tissue disorder caused by uric acid build up, where urate crystals are deposited in joints and connective tissue.

Tophi

Deposits of urate crystals under the skin seen in chronic gout.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease where articular cartilage and bone ends deteriorate and joint space narrows.

Heberden's and Bouchard's Nodes

Specific joint swellings/nodes associated with the stiffness and loss of flexibility in osteoarthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An immune disease where the body attacks its own synovial joints and connective tissues, typically presenting with bilateral, symmetrical inflammation.

Total Hip Replacement

A surgical procedure where an acetabular cup is inserted into the pelvic acetabulum and a femoral component is inserted into the femur.

BKA and AKA

Terms for levels of amputation meaning Below-the-Knee Amputation and Above-Knee Amputation respectively.

Laminectomy

The excision of posterior arches and spinous processes of a vertebra to relieve spinal cord compression.

Spinal Fusion

A surgical procedure using a bone graft to bridge and fuse vertebral spinous processes to stabilize the spine.

Discectomy

The removal of herniated or extruding fragments of an intervertebral disc.