World War I

What does M.A.N.I.A. stand for in the context of the long-term causes of WWI?

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism.

What was the primary result of militarism among European powers prior to WWI?

An arms race as countries built up their militaries to out-compete others.

Who initiated the formation of alliances in Europe before WWI?

Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany.

What was the purpose of the Dual Alliance?

To ensure that Germany and Austria-Hungary would aid each other if Russia attacked.

Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

What was the reaction of Serbia to the ultimatum issued by Austria-Hungary?

Serbia refused to accept the ultimatum.

What was the Schlieffen Plan intended to prevent?

A two-front war for Germany.

Describe 'no man's land' in the context of trench warfare.

The land between the trenches, marked by huge craters, barbed wire, and destroyed vegetation.

What were the characteristics of frontline trenches?

Where firing and attacking the enemy took place.

What was a significant impact of propaganda during WWI?

To persuade and maintain morale for the war effort.

How did women's roles change during WWI?

Women took over men's jobs, worked in industry, and joined the military as nurses.

What event triggered the immediate entry of the US into WWI?

The Zimmermann Telegram.

What was the main consequence for Russia by the end of WWI?

The collapse of the monarchy and the rise of the Bolsheviks.

What did the term 'unrestricted submarine warfare' refer to?

The German policy of U-boats sinking American and British passenger liners.

What caused the Ottoman Empire to join WWI on the side of Germany?

Friction with the Triple Entente and hostility towards Russia.

Why did the Ottomans initiate the Armenian Genocide?

Suspicion that Armenian Christians were supporting Russia.

What was one of the main reasons for the Ottoman Empire's surrender in WWI?

Economic pressure and soldiers deserting the battlefield.

What happened to monarchies in Europe after WWI?

Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary lost their monarchies.

Who was the President of the United States during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson.

What was the outcome of the Russian Revolution in relation to WWI?

Lenin pulled Russia out of WWI, allowing Germany to focus on the western front.