Chapter 14: BLS Resuscitation (AAOS 12th Edition)

These flashcards cover the fundamental vocabulary and protocols for basic life support and resuscitation, including the AHA chain of survival, CPR ratios, and methods for clearing foreign body airway obstructions in adults, children, and infants. Would you like to proceed with a summary of the next section?

BLS (Basic Life Support)

Noninvasive emergency life-saving care used to treat medical conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

ILCOR

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, which conducted the most recent review of BLS techniques in 2020.

ABCs

The primary focus of BLS, standing for Airway (obstruction), Breathing (respiratory arrest), and Circulation (cardiac arrest or severe bleeding).

Brain damage (possible)

The potential result if the brain is deprived of oxygen for $4 \text{ to } 6$ minutes.

Brain damage (very likely)

The expected outcome if the brain is without oxygen for $6 \text{ to } 10$ minutes.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A procedure that reestablishes circulation and artificial ventilation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse.

ALS (Advanced Life Support)

Advanced emergency care involving cardiac monitoring, intravenous fluids and medications, and advanced airway adjuncts.

AHA Chain of Survival

A six-link sequence including recognition/activation, high-quality CPR, rapid defibrillation, basic and advanced EMS, ALS and post-arrest care, and recovery.

Head tilt–chin lift maneuver

The preferred method to open the airway in a patient without a suspected spinal injury.

Jaw-thrust maneuver

The technique used to open the airway by moving the jaw upward when a spinal injury is suspected.

Recovery position

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway and allow drainage of secretions in an adequately breathing patient with a decreased level of consciousness and no spinal injury.

Gastric distention

A condition where the stomach fills with air during artificial ventilation, which can lead to vomiting.

One-rescuer adult CPR ratio

A compression-to-ventilation ratio of $30:2$.

Two-rescuer adult CPR

A collaborative effort where rescuers switch positions every $2$ minutes to maintain high-quality chest compressions.

Active compression-decompression CPR

A technique that involves both compressing the chest and actively pulling it back up to its neutral position.

Impedance threshold device (ITD)

A valve device that limits air from entering the lungs during the recoil phase of chest compressions.

Load-distributing band (LDB)

A circumferential chest compression device consisting of a constricting band and a backboard.

Chest compression fraction

The total percentage of time during resuscitation in which compressions are performed, which should be at least 80 \text{ % }.

Rigor mortis

The stiffening of the body after death, which is a definitive sign that CPR should not be started.

Dependent lividity (livor mortis)

Purple discoloration of the back and lower body parts caused by blood settling, indicating obvious death.

STOP mnemonic

Criteria to discontinue CPR: patient Starts breathing, patient is Transferred, rescuer is Out of strength, or a Physician directs to stop.

Abdominal-thrust maneuver (Heimlich)

The recommended treatment for severe airway obstruction in responsive adults and children older than $1$ year.

Chest thrusts

The manual maneuver used for responsive airway obstruction in obese patients or women in advanced stages of pregnancy.

Infant airway obstruction (responsive)

A management technique involving five back slaps followed by five quick chest thrusts.