Exam 4 (Lamb)

what makes up most of the neuron total surface?

dendrites

the patellar reflex is what type of reflex?

stretch reflex

If you have to have a G protein to link between the first and second messenger what type of synaptic activity is occurring?

indirect effect

a bundle of axons in the CNS is called

tract

levers that are a mechanical advantage

need less work

which plexus contains ventral rami only

cervical

which of these is not passive

chemical gradient

electrical gradient

sodium-potassium pump

electrochemical gradient

sodium-potassium pump

information about pain in themperature travels through the

lateral spinothalamic tract

what term describes a bipennate muscle

fascicles insert on both sides of tendon

the most abundant neuroglia cells in the CNS are

astrocytes

the spinal cord

does not extend the length of the vertebral column

has 31 pairs of spinal nerves

has 2 areas of expanded gray matter

all of the above

all of the above

type A fibers are fast because

they are large

they send by salutatory movement

are myelinated

all of the above

all of the above

with convergent muscles force is directed to a point called

raphe

what plexus is found from C6-T1?

brachial

rapidly reoccurring stimuli at a single synapse are called

temporal summation

where will you find axons of motor neurons?

ventral root

what type of neuron has a continuous axon and dendrite with the cell body to the side?

unipolar

when you tear a muscle it is called

charley horse

which of these conditions is retrograde?

demyelination

tay-sachs disease

rabies

rabies

the sciatic nerve is the major nerve of which plexus?

sacral

in a reflex arc where is a synapse made between neurons

center

A hernia due to an organ pushing through the diaphragm is called?

hiatus hernia

when sodium gates close and potassium gates open its called

relative refractory period

which of these terms would not describe or contain grey matter?

unmyelinated nerve bundles

columns

horns

columns

neurotransmitters that result in depolarization are

excitatory

which nerve pair/area match up is incorrect?

cervical-7

thoracic-12

lumbar-5

sacral-5

cervical-7

which of these is not a functional classification of neurons?

sensory

motor

interceptor

connector

interceptor

a fixator is a type of:

synergist

blinking is what type of reflex?

innate

which statement is false

-myelin sheath is not complete until adolescence

-myelination improves coordination and control

-since type C fibers are unmyelinated they are capable of salutatory propagation

-Type A and B fibers are myelinated and C fibers are not

since type C fibers are unmyelinated they are capable of salutatory propagation

Pick the condition that does not affect the dorsal root of the spinal nerves

shingles

chicken pox

leptomeningitis

leptomeningitis

by the age of 65 how much muscle performance has been lost?

30-50%

which does not belong

cell body

perikaryon

soma

nissl body

nissl body

if you tickle your left hand and your right hand moves to slap back what type of reflex is that?

contralateral

minimal stimulus strong enough to initiate an impulse is called

threshold stimulus

which of these is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid

shock-absorber

send messages to different parts of the CNS

deliver nutrients to the brain and spinal cord

send messages to different parts of the CNS

which statement is incorrect?

muscles can only pull

muscles never work in groups

the way they are attached to the bone can effect its contraction

muscles never work in groups

whose job is it to make the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Schwann cells

withdrawal reflex is

a flexor reflex

polysynaptic and ipsilateral

in response to pain

all of the above

all of the above

a membrane becomes. ore negative resulting in an increase in membrane potential is called

hyperpolarization

What type of neural circuit works like a positive feedback mechanism

reverberation

the most common lever in the body is

third class

the somatic nervous system is a branch of

the efferent system

what carries sensory and n=motor fibers to the posterior body trunk

dorsal rami

the first step in regeneration of a nerve cell is

wallerian degeneration

lumbar puncture or tap:

are used to measure CSF pressure

rectus would refer to

direction of muscle fibers

the neuron that conducts an impulse towards a synapse is called

presynaptic neuron

where will you find cerebrospinal fluid

subarachnoid space

which statement is false

graded potentials are local

only dendrites can generate action potentials

action potentials can go long distances

only dendrites can generate action potentials

The triceps extending the forearm is what class of levers

first class lever

When a pre synaptic neuron is connecting and communicating with a post synaptic neuron what is that connection called

synaptic knob

This will make the myelin sheath in the PNS

Schwann cells

A neuron will receive information via this

graded potential

When neurotransmitter binding causes hyperpolarization binding in the post synaptic membrane

is known as inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).

This tract will carry voluntary information to the skeletal muscles

lateral and ventral

The common perineal nerve is a branch off of what

sciatic nerve

Grey matter in the spinal cord is known as

horns

Reflexes you were born with

innate reflexes

Integration is the job of what division of the nervous system

central nervous system

When the sodium gates close and the potassium gates open it is called

relative refractory period

Simultaneous stimuli at multiple synapses

spacial semation

This layer is in direct contact with neural tissue

pia mater

When a muscle relaxes in response to being stretched is what kind of reflex

tendon reflex

Muscles where the fasicle inserts on one side connects

unipennate