World War I - Year 9 Exam Notes

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the major causes, key events, and terms associated with World War I as presented in the Year 9 exam notes.

Triple Alliance

A pre-war European power block consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, which was later joined by the Ottoman Empire.

Triple Entente

A pre-war European power block consisting of Great Britain, France, and Russia, which acted as a protector for Serbia.

Militarism

The belief that a country should maintain a strong military and be prepared for war; European military spending increased by approximately $300\%$ between $1870$ and $1914$.

Dreadnoughts

The powerful battleships that Britain and Germany competed to build as part of the naval arms race.

Alliance

An agreement between countries to help each other in war, which helped turn a regional conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia into a major European war.

Imperialism

When countries compete to build empires and control colonies, such as the fierce competition for territory in Africa between Britain, France, and Germany.

Nationalism

Strong pride and loyalty towards one's nation, which encouraged competition and influenced groups like Serbian nationalists to seek independence.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia, on $28 \text{ June } 1914$.

Gavrilo Princip

The Serbian nationalist who assassinated Franz Ferdinand; he wanted Bosnia to break away from Austria-Hungary and join Serbia.

The Black Hand

The Serbian nationalist organisation that Gavrilo Princip belonged to.

The July Crisis

The month-long political crisis following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that led to the outbreak of war.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's military plan to defeat France in $6$ weeks by invading through Belgium before moving troops east to attack Russia.

Joseph Cook

The Australian Prime Minister who stated that Australia was automatically at war when the British Empire was at war.

Propaganda

Information designed to persuade people to think or act in a certain way, often used to encourage men to enlist using appeals to patriotism, guilt, and adventure.

Gallipoli Campaign

An Allied operation launched on $25 \text{ April } 1915$ to capture the Dardanelles Strait, defeat the Ottoman Empire, and open a supply route to Russia.

ANZAC

The acronym for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

Conscription

Compulsory military service where people are legally required to serve in the armed forces.

Billy Hughes

The Australian Prime Minister who proposed the introduction of conscription for overseas service in response to falling enlistment rates.

Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting, signed at $5:00 \text{ a.m.}$ on $11 \text{ November } 1918$, with fighting effectively stopping at $11:00 \text{ a.m.}$

Terrorist

A person who uses violence to achieve political goals.

Empire

A group of territories controlled by one nation.

Commonwealth

A group of nations connected to Britain.

Campaign

A series of military operations to achieve a specific goal.

Enlistment

The act of voluntarily joining the military.

Referendum

A public vote on a specific issue, such as those held in Australia in $1916$ and $1917$ regarding conscription.

Commemoration

The act of remembering and honouring people or events.