Biodiversity Lab Practical 3

The capillaries are close to the tissues and exchange materials through diffusion to the fluid that surrounds the tissues.

Interstitial fluid

The name of the central cavity that water is drawn into and then flows out through a larger opening called the osculum.

Spongocoel

Specialized organelles within cnidocytes that have a stinging thread used for penetrating the body surface of prey.

Nematocysts

A network of hydraulic canals that branch into extensions.

Water Vascular System

Cells that line the spongocoel are called this, they are flagellated projections used to engulf bacteria and other food particles by phagocytosis.

Choanocytes

The wall of a sponge consists of two layers of cells separated by a gelatinous matrix called this.

Mesophyll

A body cavity that contains hemolymph and functions as part of the circulatory system.

Hemocoel

The claws the cray fish use for defense and to capture prey, part of the cephalothorax.

Chellpeds

Cnidarians do not have a brain but contain this which is associated with sensory structures of the body to coordinate movement and respond to stimuli.

Nerve Net

In an open circulatory system, the blood and interstitial fluid are one of the same thing and are called this.

Hemolymph

A fluid-filled body cavity of an animal that contains the internal organs.

Coelom

Is the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax.

Carapace

Cells that get their name from the pseudopodia that allow them to move through the mesophyll.

Amoebocytes

This system involves the heart that pumps blood into the blood vessels and the blood always stays inside the blood vessels.

Closed Circulatory System

A single opening that functions as a mouth and anus.

Gastrovascular Cavity

The first five segments of the abdomen, which create water currents and function in reproduction.

Swimmerets

In this system the heart also pumps the hemolymph though blood vessels towards different organs and tissues, but the hemolymph then leaves the blood vessels.

Open circulatory system

Animals that lack tissues, groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit.

Sponges

In the phylum Echinodermata these extensions are used for locomotion and feeding.

Tube Feet

Part of the molluse body which is a tissue fold that hangs over the visceral mass and secretes

Mantle

Phylum: Porifera

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

N/A; No; N/A; central cavity- spongocoel; filter feeders; sponges

Phylum: Cnidaria

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

Eumetazoa; Yes; N/A; radically symmetrical diploblasts; nerve net; jellyfish

Phylum: Mollusca

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

lophotrochozoa; yes; exoskeleton; primary body cavity hemocoel; feeds with radula; snail

Phylum: Annelida

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

lophotrochozoa; yes; N/A; segmented body; live in sea, soil, or freshwater; earthworm

Phylum: Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

lophotrochozoa; yes; N/A; gastrovascular cavity; thin body helps with gas exchange; tape worm

Phylum: Arthropoda

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

Ecdysozoa; yes; exoskeleton; segmented body; over 60% are arthropods; lobster

Phylum: Echinodermata

Clade:

Presence of tissue?

Skeleton type:

Body plan:

Special Features:

Examples:

deuterostomia; yes; exoskeleton; coelom; slow moving; starfish

the portion of the crayfish’s body posterior to the cephalothorax

abdomen

a long sensory structure associated with taste, smell, and touch

antenna

the saddle-like part of the crayfishs skeleton which covers its cephalothorax

carapace

the fused head and thorax region of the crayfish

cephalothorax

the large, powerful pincer used for defense and offense

cheliped (first walking leg)

an eye with thousands of tiny prismatic lenses

compound eye

the chitinous outer covering of all arthropods

exoskeleton

the dorsal pump which forces blood through the crayfishs body

heart

an opening in the heart which acts as a one-way valve to allow blood to enter from the sinuses, but prevents it from leaving

ostium

abdominal appendages which help circulate water and serve as a repository for the females egg

swimmerets

the posterior-most part of the crayfish which, together with the uropods, form the fan-like tail

telson

the posterior-most pair of abdominal appendages which, together with the telson, form a tail-fan

uropod

Within the gnathostomes, have a bony skeleton.

Osteichtheys

this is a key trait of amniotes, this structure has four specialized membranes that allow for life on land by decreasing dependence on water reproduction.

Amniotic egg

Are gnathostomes with limbs, a head separated from the body by a neck and fused pelvic girdle

Tetrapods

This structure allows water to enter the mouth and exit the body without passing through the digestive tract.

Pharyngeal slits

These organisms make their own body heat

Endothermic

Basal chordates, they are marine suspension feeders that exhibit key characteristics

Cephalochordates

Provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of the chordate

Notochord

These organisms absorb external heat

Exothermic

Are tetrapods that have made evolutionary adaptations to be able to live on land.

Amniotes

Marine suspension feeds, larva display the derived traits of chordates

Urochordates

A muscular extension of the body that extends beyond the anus.

Post-anal tail

A hollow tube of nerve tissue located on the back side of the body, which develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Within gnathostomes, have skeletons primarily made of cartilage

Chondrichtheys

Part of the tetrapod clade that has moist skin and lives in water as larvae and on land as adults.

Amphibians

Cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish, etc.), bivalves (clams, oysters, scallops, etc.), and gastropods (snails, slugs, or whelks) are a part of what phylum

mollusca

jellies, hydras, and corals are a part of what phylum

cnidaria

insects and decapods (crustaceans) are a part of what phylum

arthropoda

sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and starfish are a part of what phylum

echinodermata

sponges are a part of what phylum

porifera

segmented worms like the earthworm are a part of what phylum

annelida

In a ? circulatory system, the blood and interstitial fluid are one of the same thing and is called?

open; hemolymph

Which phylum is associated with a muscular foot, visceral mass, and mantle?

mollusca

FAKE & TRUE: Water flows into or out of the echinoderm water vascular system through a visible structure called the madreporite.

true

Which of the following compounds typically makes up the shells of mollusks, hard endoskeletons of echinoderms, and cuticles of arthropods?

a. Sodium chloride

b. Calcium carbonate

c. Potassium carbonate

d. Cellulose

b

What are the names of the cells found in sponges that function to transport nutrients and produce skeletal fibers through the mesophyll? Hint: They get their name from the pseudopodia, which allows them to move.

a. Amoebocytes

b. Choanocytes

c. Cnidocytes

d. Phorocytes

a

Planaria, the most commonly known type of flatworm, have all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Light-sensitive eye spots

b. Ability to regenerate body parts

c. Specialized organelles called nematocysts for penetrating prey

d. Thin bodies that facilitate gas diffusion and waste elimination

c

Echinoderms use which of the following for locomotion and feeding?

a. Tube feet

b. Muscular foot

c. Amoebocytes

d. Cilia

a

Which of the following structures is associated with phylum Cnidaria?

a. A radula

b. Eyespots

c. Nerve nets

d. Water vascular system

c

Circle ALL of the invertebrate phyla in the clade lophotrochozoan.

a. Platyhelminthes

b. Mollusca

c. Annelida

d. Echinodermata

a, b, c