hormone control

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla Neural Sympathetic nervous system stimulates release during 'fight or flight.

Oxytocin

Posterior pituitary (hypothalamus origin) Neural Neuroendocrine reflex from hypothalamic neurons in response to uterine/cervical stretch or suckling.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Posterior pituitary (hypothalamus origin) Humoral Osmoreceptors detect ↑ plasma osmolarity → triggers ADH release.

Insulin

Pancreas ( cells)β Humoral Directly controlled by blood glucose levels (↑ glucose → ↑ insulin).

Glucagon

Pancreas ( -cells)α Humoral Controlled by blood glucose levels (↓ glucose → ↑ glucagon).

Parathyroid Hormone

(PTH) Parathyroid glands Humoral Controlled by blood calcium levels (↓ Ca² → ↑ PTH).⁺

Calcitonin

Thyroid (C-cells) Humoral Controlled by blood calcium levels (↑ Ca² → ↑ calcitonin).⁺

Aldosterone

Adrenal cortex Humoral Controlled by blood K and Na levels,⁺ ⁺ and also renin-angiotensin

Cortisol

Adrenal cortex Hormonal Stimulated by ACTH from anterior pituitary.

Thyroid Hormones (T₃ & T )₄

Thyroid gland Hormonal Stimulated by TSH from anterior pituitary.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Anterior pituitary Hormonal Controlled by hypothalamic hormones (GHRH and somatostatin).

Prolactin

Anterior pituitary Hormonal/Neural Primarily under hypothalamic inhibition (dopamine); suckling (neural) reduces dopamine release.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Anterior pituitary Hormonal Controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus

Melatonin

Pineal gland Neural Controlled by light/dark cycles Darkness → ↑ melatonin, Light → ↓ melatonin