Exam 4 study guide
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48 Terms
What is/are the benefits of fermentation
what is/are the processes involved in fermentation?
What is/are the energy requirements for building compounds?
What reaction(s) does not require enzyme(s)?
What are all the likely sources of substrates that enter into the glycolytic pathway?
What is the role of NADH and NADPH in catabolism?
What catabolic pathways generate NADPH for biosynthesis
What catabolic pathways generate NADH for biosynthesis
What catabolic pathways generate ATP for biosynthesis
What catabolic pathways generate FADH for biosynthesis
What is glycolysis?
what are the steps involved in glycolysis
what products are generated in glycolysis
What molecule(s) from carbohydrate catabolism enter directly into the citric acid cycle?
What is/are the role of the electron transport system?
What is lithotrophy?
what are ribozymes
RNA that functions as catalysts by binding to substrates and acting upon them
what is oxidation
removal of electrons
what is reduction
gain of electrons
what is a redox reduction
an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction
What carbon skeletons do bacteria use to synthesize amino acids?
What amino acid(s) is/are formed when ammonia is incorporated into a Kreb cycle intermediate?
What are photoautotrophs?
What are chemoautotrophs?
Why is nitrogen essential for microbes?
it is required to make proteins and nucleic acid, makes up 80% of the atmosphere
Why is phosphorus essential for microbes?
What is nitrification?
oxidation of ammonium ions to produce nitrites
What is denitrification?
nitrate is used as an electron acceptor by microbes in absence of oxygen to produce nitrite and later nitrogen gas
What is symbiosis?
close relationship between two unlike organisms that is beneficial to one or both of them
what is an example of symbiosis
ruminants and digestive bacteria in rumen
What is commensalism?
a relationship between two species where one is benefiting from the other without harming it
what is an example of commensalism
remora riding along side sharks for food
What is mutualism?
relationship between different species in which both benefit
Which biogeochemical cycles does not have an atmospheric components?
Phosphorus cycle
What is competitive inhibition?
inhibitor fills active site of an enzyme and compete with substrate
What is non-competitive inhibition?
inhibitor interacts with allosteric site rather than active site
What is feedback inhibition?
end-product of reaction allosterically inhibits enzymes from earlier in pathway
where do protons partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do cytochromes partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do water partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do oxygen partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do NADH partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do ATP partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do FADH partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do ADP partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
where do phosphorus partake in glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain?
How many energy and energy carriers are produced in aerobic respiration?
How many energy and energy carriers are produced in anaerobic respiration/fermentation?