Ch 14: Altered Reproduction Function (Pt 2)

infertility

inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of intercourse

causes of infertility

hormonal, motility, immune

infertility manifestations (M)

asymptomatic

infertility manifestations (F)

amenorrhea (absent periods), anovulation (absence of ovulation), dysmenorrhea (severe period pain), dyspareunia (painful intercourse)

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

caused by sexual transmission (Chlamydia and gonorrhoeae), spreads into internal structures, attaching to epithelia cells

PID (manifestations)

pelvic and lower abdominal pain, purulent cervical discharge, cervical motion, fever, and malaise

PID (diagnosis/treatment)

talk to patient, urine sample, blood sample

polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS)

hormonal (LH/FSH) imbalanced → follicular arrest (lack of dominant follicle maturation) results in anovulation + high insulin

POS (manifestations)

menstrual irregularities, excess androgen production, polycystic ovaries

POS (diagnosis/treatment)

Rotterdam criteria, clomiphene citrate, metformin, injectable FSH and LH

Ovarian cancer

genetic, arises from epithelia cells lining the surface

ovarian cancer (manifestations)

asymptomatic, vague abdominal bloating, large tumors

ovarian cancer (diagnosis/treatment)

debulking

erectile dysfunction

due to age

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

nonmalignant overgrowth of prostate tissue, urinary problems

BPH (diagnsosi)

digital rectal exam → prostate-specific antigen → biopsy

BPH (treatment)

TURP (surgical), stent placement, pharmacologic