Science exam 2022

last minute

extrusive igneous rocks

smaller crystals

igneous

basalt, pumice, granite, obsidian

Palaeontology

study of fossils

Sedimentary

limestone, conglomerate, coal

Metamorphic

marble, gneiss, quartzite

Constructive plate margin

plates move away from eachother - volcanoes

Destructive plate margin

plates move toward eachother - mountains, trenches, earthquakes

Conservative plate margin

plates slide against eachother

Energy

the ability to do work/make something happen

Law of conservation of energy

In any Energy Transformation, the energy input is equal to the energy output. Energy is neither created or destroyed, but energy is conserved.

Energy efficiency

useful energy output/total energy input x100

Density

the amount of particles (measured as mass) in a certain volume

Diffusion

movement of liquid/gas particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Matter

anything that has mass and volume, takes up space

Mass

weight

Volume

Space taken up

Sublimation

change of a solid to a gas without being a liquid

Deposition

change of a gas to a solid without being a liquid

Signs of Chemical change

bubbles of gas, colour change, temperature change, Formation of solid precipitate

Signs of physical change

change of shape/size/state

Physical change

reversible

Chemical change

new substance created by breaking and making chemical bonds

Neutron charge

neutral

Neutron

Mass number - Atomic number

Proton charge

positive

Proton

Atomic number

Electron charge

negative

Electron

Atomic number

Maximum electrons per shell

2(Shell number squared)

In a nuclear symbol

Mass number over Atomic number

Red blood cells

bind Oxygen and carry it from lungs to body cells

White blood cells

fight infection

Larynx

Voice box

Trachea, bronchus, bronchiole

carries air into the lungs and carbon dioxide out of the lungs

Diaphragm

sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and contracts when a breath is taken

Bolus

Ball of food

Gall bladder

Stores bile which is produced by the liver to help break down fatty foods

Liver

removes toxins from blood and is a short term store for glucose

Stomach

food is stored and mixed with gastric acid to digest

Pancreas

produces pancreatic juice which helps digest food

Small intestine

breaks down Food, absorbs nutrients and gets rid of unnecessary components

Large intestines

water absorbed into the body and remaining food and nutrients are left as waste

anus

waste expelled from body

Peristalsis

rhythmic movement through digestive system

Epididymis

Stores sperm

Vas deferens

Transports sperm to seminal vesicle

Prostate gland

regulates flow from bladder

testes

sperm produced

penis

expels urine and semen

Cell theory

all cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the building blocks of life, all life made up of cells