Water Issues Final

1959 Water agreement (Gamal Abdel Nasser President) gave all water to  _____________ at expense of Ethiopia and other upstream countries.

downstream states

1959 Treaty locked in Egypt’s hydro-hegemony – hegemony is leader state rules ________ subordinates.

geopolitical

For Tigris and Euphrates Disputes, in 1977, ___ launched GAP (___ ___ Project) to control both Tigris and Euphrates rivers. 

Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia

GAP's original initiative consisted of ___ and ___ energy production projects on the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers.

irrigation, hydroelectric

The Mesopotamian Marshes are a wetland area located in southern ___ and partially in southwestern Iran and Kuwait.

Iraq

A Nileometer is a/an ___ for measuring the Nile river's clarity and water level during annual flood season.

structure

The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile is the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself and begins at Lake ___. The Blue Nile begins at Lake ___ in Ethiopia.

Victoria, Tana

The Delta Barrage is a barrage-type ___that was constructed intermittently beginning in 1833 to its initial completion in 1862.

dam

When USA stopped funding of Aswan Dam the ___ lent money to Egypt.

soviet union

The effects of lead poisoning are ___.

irreversible

Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning usually don't appear until dangerous amounts have accumulated.

True

Higher levels of lead can damage the _______ and __________  in both children and adults.

kidneys, nervous system

E. coli is a bacteria that is commonly found in the ___ of people and animals. Most E.coli strains are harmless, but some can cause serious food poisoning.

intestine

E. coli is a specific species of ___ coliform bacteria.

fecal

____are a group of four chemicals formed, along with other disinfection by-products, when ___ or other disinfectants used to control microbial contaminants in drinking water react with naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter in water.

Trihalomethanes, chlorine

Which of the following causes Legionnaires' disease?

 

A bacterium

Children under the age of 6 are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development including ___

muscle weakness, hearing loss, developmental delay

Relative to ___(a)___, ____(b)____ tend to contain more particles, microorganisms, organic matter, taste- and odor-causing compounds, and many types of trace contaminants. On average, ______(b)_____ also tends to be more corrosive than ______(a)____.

(a) groundwater (b) surface water

Where are fluoride found in groundwater throughout the world?

in many places worldwide

One of social sufferings were that many thought the disease was ___ victims were forbidden from drinking clean water for fear they would contaminate it.

contagious

Arsenic contamination of groundwater can be found in many places in the world including Cambodia, West Bengal and USA. Some of the locations in the USA where it’s estimated the most people may have high-levels of arsenic in private domestic well water include:

• Much of the West

• Parts of the Northeast and ___

• Some of the Atlantic southeast coastal states 

midwest

Excessive exposure to fluoride has been linked to a number of health issues including ___ fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.

dental

The sources of arsenic in Bangladesh are:

natural

The freshwater crisis happened in 1970s in Bangladesh. this is caused by:

drought

climate change

monsoon

shortage in surface water

none of the above

What organization(s) did initiate a massive program to drill millions of tube wells to tap into the groundwater supply?

UNICEF, WORLD BANK

In Bangladesh, as early as 1985 (over 10 years after the first wells were installed) people began showing signs of arsenic poisoning. It took a long time to show arsenic poisoning because  ________.

it takes a long time to show symptoms.

Arsenic's effects on the human body include:

skin cancer, kidney cancer, skin lesions, cardiovascular disease

Atmospheric conditions at a particular time and place describe the

weather

The effects of global warming on fresh water resources include:

• Changes in precipitation pattern which can lead ___ and flooding

• Melting glaciers

• Sea level ___

drought, rise

Environmental migrants or climate __________________ are people who are forced to leave their home region due to sudden or long-term changes to their local environment.

refugee

Floods can potentially increase the transmission of communicable diseases including (1) ___-borne diseases, such as cholera, and (2) vector-borne diseases, such as malaria. This is because more ___ available on the surface.

water, water

One of the effects of sea level rise is increased frequency of severe __.