DSM ch 14

Which of the following characteristics are not associated with the autonomic nervous system?

The effectors are primarily skeletal muscles.

Which of the following events is not controlled by autonomic reflexes?

Watching a dog catch a Frisbee

What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron?

acetylcholine

The gray rami communicantes contain:

postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Which of the following terms refers to the synapse found between the preganglionic and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc?

autonomic ganglion

In which of the following locations are autonomic ganglia located?

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system?

Parasympathetic nervous system

All of the following features are associated with the parasympathetic division except:

short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons.

A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine is likely to have the greatest effect on __________.

autonomic target cells

What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla?

Sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as __________.

adrenergic

Drugs known as β-blockers are most likely to affect __________.

heart rate

Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as __________.

cholinergic

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

Myelinated preganglionic fibers that connect the anterior rami of spinal nerves with the sympathetic chain ganglia travel through:

white rami communicantes.

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse in:

sympathetic chain and collateral ganglia.

The body system that oversees vital functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive processes, is the:

autonomic nervous system

_____________ are long; ______________ are short.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Which of the following nervous system activities is not an effect of norepinephrine?

Blood glucose levels decrease

Beta-1 (β1) receptor

Cardiac muscle cells, kidneys, and adipose tissue

Beta-2 (β2) receptor

Smooth muscle cells of bronchioles, urinary bladder, and blood vessels

Beta-3 (β3) receptor

Adipose tissue cells and smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract

Acetylcholine binds to:

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Visceral motor neurons innervate __________.

glands
smooth muscle cells
cardiac muscle cells

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as __________ receptors.

cholinergic

Most of the cell bodies of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons are found in the:

sympathetic chain ganglia

Which of the following neurotransmitters does not bind to adrenergic receptors?

Acetylcholine

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons may synapse with postganglionic neurons via all of the following pathways except:

axon synapses in terminal ganglia in the walls of the organs being innervated.

The splanchnic nerve(s) that synapse(s) on ganglia include(s) the __________.

inferior mesenteric ganglion
celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion

Which of the following features is not associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Craniosacral division

Which division of the nervous system functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

parasympathetic

Select the parasympathetic effect(s) of the vagus nerve (X).

Bronchoconstriction
Increase secretions of digestive glands

Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause which of the following actions?

dry mouth

Which of the following organs is innervated by parasympathetic sacral nerves?

urinary bladder

The part of the central nervous system that regulates the autonomic centers is the:

hypothalamus

Which division of the nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?

Parasympathetic nervous system

The effects of the ________ nervous system are generally antagonistic to the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.

sympathetic

Athletes who are well conditioned will have strong:

parasympathetic tone.

About 90% of parasympathetic innervation to the body occurs by the __________.

vagus nerves

Autonomic tone is:

the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Constriction of pupil
Engorgement of the penis

Which of the following parasympathetic nerves control the production of tears and nasal secretions?

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Most organs are innervated by neurons from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, a phenomenon referred to as __________.

dual innervation

Which of the following targets does the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) innervate?

salivary glands

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times?

sympathetic tone

Damage to sacral nerves is most likely to affect which of the following targets?

Urinary bladder and large intestine

The preganglionic axons of CN VII may extend to which of the following ganglia?

Submandibular

Which of the following cranial nerves is not involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Parasympathetic neurons associated with the oculomotor nerve (CN III) synapse with __________ ganglia before continuing on to their effector.

ciliary

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?

hypothalamus

What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Acetylcholine

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in:

terminal ganglia

The ability of the ANS to regulate an organ’s function under both emergency situations and resting conditions is possible due to:

dual innervation

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can maintain a balance in most organs and that ensures that the body’s needs are met appropriately at all times due to:

dual innervation

Which of the following statements best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.