Urinary System Function, Data Collection and Therapeutic Measures
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These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the urinary system, its structure, function, common conditions, and diagnostic procedures.
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22 Terms
Renal Cortex
The outer region of the kidney.
Renal Medulla
The inner region of the kidney.
Renal Pyramids
Cone-shaped sections of the kidney formed by extensions from the renal cortex.
Renal Papilla
The point of the renal pyramid that extends into a minor calyx.
Major Calyx
Formed by the union of two or three minor calyces that collect urine.
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation.
Glomerulus
A cluster of capillaries enclosed by Bowman's capsule, where filtration takes place.
Efferent Arteriole
The vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus.
Peritubular Capillaries
Capillaries that surround the renal tubules and help in reabsorption.
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
A measure of how well the kidneys are functioning, averaging 100 to 125 mL/min.
Ureters
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urethra
The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior.
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine due to increased abdominal pressure or other causes.
Urinary Retention
Inability to fully empty the bladder, often leading to distention.
Urinary Catheter
A tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
A measure of urea nitrogen in blood, which increases with impaired kidney function.
Serum Creatinine
Waste product from muscle metabolism; elevated levels indicate kidney dysfunction.
Renal Biopsy
A procedure to obtain a small section of renal cortex for analysis.
IV Pyelogram
An imaging test that outlines renal structures using injected contrast.
Uremic Frost
A condition in which waste products accumulate in skin, indicating kidney failure.
Electrolyte Balance
The maintenance of proper levels of electrolytes in the body, ensured by the kidneys.
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination.