Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Related Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts and information regarding Generalized Anxiety Disorder, related anxiety disorders, treatment modalities, and theoretical perspectives discussed in the lecture.

What defines Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Excessive anxiety about most circumstances and worrying about practically anything.

What common symptoms are associated with GAD?

Feeling anxious, restless, fatigued, insomnia, hypersomnia, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and sleep problems.

What is the minimum time frame for GAD symptoms to be diagnosed?

Symptoms must last for at least six months.

What diagnosis might be given before confirming GAD if symptoms last less than six months?

NOS (Not Otherwise Specified).

How does psychodynamic therapy approach anxiety?

It recognizes the slow-moving process of addressing deep-seated issues related to anxiety.

What does Carl Rogers' humanistic therapy focus on for clients with anxiety?

Providing unconditional positive regard.

What is a common behavioral model used to explain anxiety?

The behavioral perspective associates anxiety with unresolved impulses and fears.

What role does GABA play in anxiety regulation?

GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down neural impulses to help calm anxiety.

What are benzodiazepines, and what are their main concerns?

They are medications that reduce anxiety but can cause dependence and are depressants.

What is flooding in the context of anxiety treatment?

A form of exposure therapy where a person is exposed to their fear in an intense and direct way.

How does anticipatory grief relate to anxiety?

Anticipatory grief refers to the anxiety over impending loss or trauma, preparing oneself emotionally before it occurs.

What is the difference between a normal fear response and a phobia?

A phobia is a persistent, unreasonable fear that leads to avoidance, unlike a normal fear response which is rational and time-limited.

What is systematic desensitization?

A therapy method that gradually exposes a person to feared stimuli while teaching relaxation techniques.

What is the cognitive perspective on panic attacks?

Panic attacks occur without a rational threat and are often tied to an individual's bodily sensations.

What is the difference between social anxiety and social phobias?

Social anxiety is a general fear of social situations, while social phobia is an intense fear of specific social interactions.

What common theme of obsessions might individuals with OCD experience?

Obsessions can include fears of dirt and contamination, violence and aggression, and concerns over orderliness.

What do compulsions in OCD typically include?

These are ritualistic behaviors performed to alleviate anxiety associated with obsessions.

How can modeling influence the development of phobias?

Observational learning can create and reinforce fears through the experiences of others.

What is cogntive therapy's role in addressing anxiety?

It identifies and challenges irrational thoughts that lead to anxiety.

What does the 'cognitive triad' refer to in cognitive therapy?

It refers to the negative thoughts individuals have about themselves, their future, and the world.

What is the biological perspective on anxiety disorders?

It looks at genetic predispositions and neurobiological processes impacting anxiety.

What therapeutic approach is often effective for treating social phobias?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) often combined with antidepressants.

What is the primary goal of exposure therapy?

To reduce the fear response by gradually exposing individuals to the feared object or context.

What effect does uncertainty have on individuals with anxiety disorders?

It often heightens their anxiety and distress.

How does anticipatory anxiety manifest in individuals?

They plan their lives around the avoidance of situations that could trigger future anxiety.

How do fears become phobias according to behavioral theories?

They develop through classical conditioning and reinforcement of avoidance behaviors.

What is a typical effect of avoidance behavior in anxiety disorders?

Avoidance often leads to a reinforcement of the fear due to lack of exposure.

How can cognitive therapy encourage clients?

By challenging their irrational beliefs that lead to excessive worry.

What is the prevalence of OCD in the population?

Estimates suggest that approximately 1-2% of the population is affected by OCD.

How can exposure therapy help with specific phobias?

By helping individuals confront and gradually reduce their fear of specific situations or objects.

What is an irrational belief in the context of anxiety?

A belief without evidence that causes anxiety about future potential negative outcomes.

What is the significance of the amygdala in anxiety disorders?

It plays a crucial role in the fear response and emotional regulation.

What types of medications are typically used for anxiety disorders?

Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sometimes beta-blockers.

What is the role of family history in anxiety disorders?

Family history can increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders due to genetic or environmental factors.

What is the general time frame for diagnosing Acute Stress Disorder?

Symptoms must occur between three days to one month following a traumatic event.

What is one behavioral strategy for treating phobias?

Gradual exposure combined with relaxation techniques.

How do people with social anxiety often perceive social interactions?

They often embellish their belief that they will be negatively judged or evaluated.

What role does self-talk play in managing anxiety?

Positive self-talk can help reduce negative thought patterns and promote coping strategies.

How can systematic desensitization begin with a client?

By identifying a fear hierarchy and teaching relaxation skills before exposure.

What is a key limitation of the benzodiazepine class of drugs?

They primarily mask anxiety rather than addressing the underlying issues.

What does the 'four D's' refer to in diagnostic criteria?

Dysfunction, distress, danger, and deviation.