Erik Prout Final Geography 305 (Geography of Texas)

"Political Entity"

Essential definition of Texas

Second Largest in the Nation

Rank in the United States based on size

Second largest in the nation

Rank in the United States based on population

27,862,596

Population of Texas according to US Census (2016)

31° 08' N & 99° 20' W

Geographic Center of Texas

93° 31' W

Eastern most point in Texas

25° 50' N

Southern most point in Texas

106° 38' W

Western most point in Texas

36° 30' W

Northern most point in Texas

Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico

Texas' domestic neighbors

Chihuahua, Coahuila, Neuvo Leon, Tamaulipas

Texas' international neighbors

Rio Grande, Red River, Sabine River, Gulf of Mexico

Texas' natural borders

32° N Parallel

W. Panhandle/ 103° W Meridian

N. Panhandle/ 36° 30' Parallel

E. Panhandle/ 100° Meridian

94° 04' W Meridian

Texas' borders (non natural)

9

number of border segments

McCulloch County

County in which the geographic center of Texas is located

The Shape of Texas

Richard Fracavigilia's one of a kind book

Earth-writing

The definition of geography

Region

Collection of places or a sizable area with common characteristics

Formal, Functional, Vernacular

Types of regions

Absolute and Relative

Two connotations of location

Scale

Relative dimension or ratio of reduction or enlargement in picture, map, etc.

Cartographic Scale

Ratio between map and the Earth

General Purpose, Topographic, Thematic

Types of maps

Region

Location

Scale

Map

Geography

Five terms of geography

Latitude

Measure of North-South

Longitude

Measure of East-West

Equator

Example of a latitude line

Prime Meridian

Example of longitude line

Clovis

Oldest dating site for New World Artifacts

Caddo

Origin for the name "Texas"; means ally (or friend) in their language

Yselta

First settlement in Texas

Municipio

Combined city-county unit

Religion

Organized system of values and practices involving faith and worship of the sacred or divine

Courthouse

A symbol of democratic principles and rule of law

December 29, 1845

When was Texas admitted to the United States?

Empressarios

settlement/ population changes

governance

What are the three intertwining aspects of Mexico's 15 years of sovereignty?

New England

Mid-Atlantic

Southern

Where did the old stock Anglo-Americans come from?

German cemeteries

Very structured with efficient use of spaces, the sight of burial plots being lined up in straight lines in very apparent

Northern

Midwestern

Hill Southern ("Twang")

Plantation South

What are the four common historical dialects?

Germans-Americans

The largest groups in terms of population of European migrants

Notch

Stacking logs is inherently dangerous and it requires a proper __________ to stabilize the structures

Metes & Bounds

Is a contribution of oral culture societies

Internal relations

Are the interactions between the various components of the regions

Rivers bring people together around single resource

What did J.B. Jackson write many years ago

Cleaning Days

Are community designated dates to collectively clean up the grave markers and cemetery grounds. (mainly found in the North East)

1836

Becomes the transformative year of the "Texas Revolution"

30,000

Estimated population in 1836

Empressarios

Are a Spanish system for granting an individual or corporation a charter to bring in settler

Mexican Cemeteries

Typically, the cemetery, is located adjacent to the church or mission, but in other instances, there are rural sites and segregated sections of community cemeteries

San Felipe

What was the capital of Austin

Mexican

____________ cemeteries in Texas appear Texas appear to be more lavishly decorated than others

Southern Folk

The ___________ cemetery is the most frequent cemetery type in Texas, and it can be found all over the state

Settlement Geography

The study of how people create their own habits as well as the corresponding patterns and impacts.

Geography

____________ is both commonplace and learned in that one can be interested and engaged without formal training.

Scale

Is the relative dimension or ration of reduction or enlargement in picture, map, etc

Bible Belt

The northern half of the state is closely linked to the national vernacular region called the _________.

Diffusion of European Culture

European Migration

Native Americans

Other Old World connections

What are the four topics that are relevant to Texas when talking about the Columbian Exchange

Lower Southerners

Who occupies East and Central Texas

Daily Newspaper

Good example of functional region

J.B. Jackson

______________ said "contends that most 'southern' culture ultimately diffuses from the Virginia Tidewaters?

Midwestern

Mid-America/ Lower midwestern

Main Street

The name of the road that runs perpendicular to the railroad in most towns

Formal Region

Areas of the Earth with a coherent unifying characteristic

1. Pineda

2. 1519

__1________ was the first European to see that Texas Coast when he sailed around the Gulf of Mexico in ____2____

Farming Societies

The more developed societies

Involuntary migration

The movement of people without voluntary consent (i.e slaves)

Czech

The second largest direct European group in Texas

Chihuahua

The state that J.B. Jackson wrote about in his article on the Rio Grande

Rio Grande

Longest border in Texas

The Shelbyville Tennessee

The most common type of courthouse structure in Texas

268,581 miles

Area of Texas

long lots

Lots along the river or roads (usually a 10:1 ratio)

Eastward

Southern Folk Cemeteries have a unique feature where they align all the bodies to where all the bodies' feet point a certain direction

San Antonio

Was the official capital for the Bexar department as well as the de facto main place for all of Texas

Baptists

The largest denomination in majority of the counties in the northern half of the state

Compromise of 1850

What was the agreement that defined the final 3 segments of Texas' border`

Out

The earliest fences were meant to keep animals ...

Plantation Southern

Similar to southern England with cross-cultural contact with Afro-Caribbean

Lithosphere

Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere

"Earth as a system"

4 overlapping spheres

Physiography

Description of nature of natural phenomena or of a class of objects

"S-Curve Line"

Line that divides Texas into two distinct sections

Latitude

Elevation

Continentality

Air mass and storm tracks

Four global factors that affect climate

Intermontane Basin & Plateaus

Most diverse province because of the topography & geologic complexity

Big Bend National Park

First real big national park in Texas

Guadalupe Peak

Highest spot in Texas. Peak is at 8751 feet

Davis Mountains

Volcanic, McDonald observatory

Location of Fort Davis

Upper Rio Grande Valley

75 miles downstream El Paso

Riparian settlements (oldest mission)

Technically a floodplain

Trans-Pecos

Everything west of the Pecos River

San Angelo

Amarillo

Lubbock

Midland-Odessa

Major places along the Great Plains

Panhandle (North and Western Border)

Caprock Escarpment

Balcones Escarpment

Basin & Ranges

Great Plains features

Toledo Bend (Sabine)

Amistad (Rio Grande)

Texoma (Red)

Falcon (Rio Grande)

Sam Rayburn (Angelina)

Livingston (Trinity)

Travis (Colorado)

Richland-Chambers (Richland Creek)

Major reservoirs in Texas

Green Lake in Calhoun County

Largest natural lake in Texas

Caddo Lake

Mentioned as the largest natural lake in Texas; created by a log jam that was cleared for steamboat traffic

Ogallala (High Plains)

Gulf Coast (Coastal Margin)

Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone)

Trinity (Metroplex)

Edwards-Trinity (Edwards Plateau)

Carrizo-Wilcox (Interior Coastal Plain)

Seymour (Osage Plain)

Hueco Bolson (Upper valley)

Pecos Alluvium (Toyah Basin)

Major aquifers in Texas

60%

Percentage of water in Texas acquired by aquifers

81%

Percentage of the surface area of Texas that has an aquifer underneath it

Ogallala

Over 1/6 of Texas' counties sit on this aquifer

RNI

Difference between birth and death rates

97.6:100

Gender ratio in Texas

Houston

Currently the largest city in Texas