AP World History Unit 8 Cold War and Decolonization

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Non-Aligned Movement

The group of nations that didn't side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War.

Sukarno

Leader of Indonesian independence movement; first president of Indonesia

Kwame Nkrumah

founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first priesident

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

Nuclear Proliferation

the spread of nuclear weapons to new nations

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

Angolan Civil War

When Angola achieved independence, the two major liberation movements began to squabble over how to rule the country. Ultimately, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba interfered and exacerbated the problem.

Sandinista and Contras Conflict

Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition who lost national elections in 1990.

China Communist Revolution

This was a civil war between the Communist and Nationalists. The communist won out.

Great Leap Forward

Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years.

Cultural Revolution

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.

Vietnam War

A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States.

Mengistu Haile Mariam

Ethiopian soldier and politician who was the leader of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991.

White Revolution

The term used by the shah to describe reforms in Iran between the end of World War II and the downfall of his regime in 1979

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

Ho Chi Minh

1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable

Truman Doctrine

President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Gamal Abdel Nasser

He led the coup which toppled the monarchy of King Farouk and started a new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt

Muslim League

an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations

Quebecois Separatist Movement

Huge national terrorist group called the FLQ. They firmly believed that Quebec should separate from Canada, and become it's own, French-speaking country

Biafra

Eastern Nigerian region inhabited mostly by the Ibo people; in 1967 attempted unsuccessfully to secede from Nigeria; defeated and reintegrated in 1970.

Partition of India

India was separated into 2 countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

Israel

A Jewish state on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora.

Imperial metropoles

Home country, a base for imperialism

Indira Gandhi

daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)

Julius Nyerere

President of Tanzania who advocated an African form of socialism

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

Sri Lankan stateswoman and politician and the modern world's first female head of government

Mohandas Gandhi

A philosopher from India, this man was a spiritual and moral leader favoring India's independence from Great Britain. He practiced passive resistance, civil disobedience and boycotts to generate social and political change.

Martin Luther King Jr.

U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964)

Nelson Mandela

ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

Augusto Pinochet

Chilean militar leader who in a coup deposed Salvador Allende - communist, elected leader - created one party rule dictatorship with human rights abuses

Fransisco Franco

Leader of Spain, conservative general, lead the Spanish civil war, turns into fascist dictator

military-industrial complex

an alleged alliance between military leaders and corporate leaders

Shining Path

a terrorist group formed in Peru in the late 1960s as a splinter group from the communist party of Peru

Al Qaeda

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.

Soviet-Afghan War

war between Afghanistan and USSR. Afghanistan wins with the help of the US. Big defeat for the USSR.