Unit 5 APEX Flashcards

delusion

a false belief that occurs in a serious psychological disorder

hallucination

a false perception (usually auditory) that are often present in schzophrenia

paranoid

having unwarranted or irrational suspicions or distrust of others

phobia

an excessive or unrealistic fear of an object or situation that causes distress or impairment in functioning

health psychology

focuses on the interaction between mental and physical health; emphasizes the connections between behavior, biology, and social context

clinical psychology

uses scientific methods to identify the causes of mental disorders and establish appropriate treatment plans

psychoanalytic approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on unconscious or childhood trauma

Freud’s psychoanalytic model

focuses on the conflicts of the id, ego, and superego as well as the unconscious’s influence on our behavior

behaviorist approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on learned behavior

humanistic approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on the positive goal of self-actualization; mental disorders are caused by environment

cognitive approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on thought processes; irrational/illogical thought processes are the cause of psychological disorders

biomedical approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on genetic predisposition; psychological disorders are due to faulty biological processes

biopsychological approach

an approach to clinical psychology; focuses on the interaction of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors

imitated; helplessness

psychological disorders are learned from inappropriate models being ___, adapted behaviors being punished, and negative events lead to learned feelings of ____ or hopelessness in the behaviorist approach

behavior-modification; positive

therapists might use ____ programs and reinforce ____ behaviors in the behaviorist approach

negative; conform

mental disorders may be caused by a ____ self-image and thoughts that others won’t accept you unless you ____, which leads to engagement in undesirable behavior in the humanistic approach

positive regard; self-actualization

therapists give people unconditional _____ in the hopes they’ll be able to move towards _____ in the humanistic approach

distrust; pessimism

thoughts and belief systems are disordered and faulty, leading to _____ and _____ in the cognitive perspective

positive; realistic

therapists try to change irrational/illogical views to more ____ and ____ belief systems in the cognitive approach

imbalances; impulses

may be caused by neurochemical or hormonal _____, the misfiring of electrical ____, or abnormal tissue or damaged tissue of the brain in the biomedical perspective

surgeries; drugs

therapists use ____ and ____ in the biomedical approach

influences

helps assess all _____ in the biopsychosocial perspective

anxiety disorders

characterized by unusually high levels of anxiety that interfere with one’s functioning

obsessive-compulsive disorders

characterized by obsessions and compulsions

trauma-and-stressor-related disorders

characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, prolonged distress, memory loss, or avoidance resulting from exposure to death, actual or threatened injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence

somatoform disorders

characterized by physical symptoms with no apparent organic cause

dissociative disorders

characterized by sense of self becoming separated from previous thoughts or memories

depressive disorders

characterized by persistent sad mood, eating/sleeping disturbances, motor disturbances, difficulty concentrating, hopelessness, and worthlessness

bipolar and related disorders

characterized by manic episodes followed by depressive episodes

schizophrenia and thought disorders

characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate reactions or behaviors

personality disorders

characterized by enduring and rigid patterns of behavior that interfere with normal social functioning

panic disorder

recurring and unpredictable anxiety attacks without a specific trigger; can feel intense dread, heart palpitations, terror, chest pain, dizziness, etc.

generalized anxiety disorder

anxiety and excessive worry for at least 6 months; cause of anxiety is unidentifiable

hoarding disorder

a persistent difficulty in discarding/parting with possessions regardless of value

conversion disorder

has dramatic physical symptoms (such as paralysis and blindness) where there is no apparent cause; person is convinced of their symptoms being real without typical distress

illness anxiety disorder

person is preoccupied with their health even when they don’t have any symptoms; often receive secondary gain such as attention

dissociative amnesia

after an emotionally traumatic event, a person is unable to recall important details of the event; may forget themselves or their family

dissociative fugue

someone becomes confused about who they are and travel far from home; no outward signs; may lead to a new name, job, or life

dissociative identity disorder

one person has two or more personalities; original personality is unaware of the others and has no memories of the time of other personalities; childhood physical or sexual abuse is often a contributing factor

major depressive disorder

a dysporic (low/sad) mood, changes in eating and sleeping habits, and a loss of interest

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

for children who display persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol

seasonal affective disorder

symptoms of major depressive disorder in the late fall and winter that disappear in spring; caused by a lack of sun

thought disorders

impair the ability to follow a line of logic; associated with excessive dopamine levels; disorganized or fragmented thoughts

schziophrenia

disturbances in mood, thought (delusions), speech, perceptions (hallucinogens), and motor activity (catatonia); first appearance is usually between 18-25 years old; has negative symptoms (the absence of normal behaviors)

cluster a personality disorders

odd and eccentric personality disorders; common themes include social withdraw and awkwardness with distorted thinking patterns and interpersonal difficulties

paranoid personality disorder

a cluster a personality disorder; characterized by distrust of others, leading to avoidance of relationships because “everyone is out to get them”

schizoid personality disorder

a cluster a personality disorder; characterized by isolation, detachment, and receiving little to no pleasure from human interactions, which leads to no response to social cues

schizotypal personality disorder

a cluster a personality disorder; characterized by severe social anxiety and distorted thinking or perceptions, which is often found in families with schizophrenia

cluster b personality disorders

dramatic, emotional, and erratic personality disorders; common themes include problems with controlling emotions and impulses

antisocial personality disorder

a cluster b personality disorder; characterized by deceit, manipulation, and disregard for others, leading to hostility and aggression with no remorse; more likely in males and inmates

narcissistic personality disorder

a cluster b personality disorder; characterized by an inflated sense of worth and wanting special treatment

borderline personality disorder

a cluster b personality disorder; characterized by an intense fear of abandonment, which might encourage promiscuity; prevalent in females with a lack of stability

histronic personality disorder

a cluster b personality disorder; characterized by exaggerated emotions and attention seeking behaviors; may employ any means to be the center of attention

cluster c personality disorders

anxious and fearful personality disorders

dependent personality disorder

a cluster c personality disorder; characterized by the need to be taken care of by someone else, leading to difficulty being alone, clinginess, and difficulty making decisions

avoidant personality disorder

a cluster c personality disorder; characterized by fear of rejection, criticism, and failure, leading to avoiding social situations; may have a hard time making friends due to being seen as shy or restricted

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

a cluster c personality disorder; characterized by a fixation on perfection, orderlyness, rules, or control, leading to a preoccupation and failure of tasks