NCEA level 3: organic chemistry - Functional groups and naming

Alkane

Fuctional group: has none

Suffix: -ane

e.g: CH3CH2CH3 is propane

Alkene

Functional group: C=C

Suffix: -ene

e.g: CH3CH=CH2 is propene

Alkyne

Functional group: Triple bond C

Suffix: -yne

e.g: Propyne

Haloalkane

Functional group: R-X

Suffix: -ane

e.g: CH3CH2CH2Cl is 1-chloropropane

Alcohol

Functional group: R-OH

Suffix: -ol

e.g: CH3CH2CH2OH is propan-1-ol

Carboxylic acid

Functional group: R-COOH

Suffix: -oic acid

e.g: CH3CH2COOH is propanoic acid

Ester

Functional group: R-C=OO-R'

Suffix: -oate

e.g: CH3COOCH3 is methyl ethanoate

Aldehyde

Functional group: R-C=O

Suffix: -al

e.g: CH3CH2CHO is propanal

Ketone

Functional group: R-C=OR'

Suffix: -one

e.g: CH3COCH3

Amide (primary)

Functional group: R-CONH2

Suffix: -amide

e.g: CH3CH2CONH2 is propanamide

Amide (secondary)

N atom is attached to 2 carbon atoms in the chain

e.g: CH3CH2CH2CONHCH is methyl-propanamide

Amide (tertiary)

N atoms is attached to 3 carbon atoms in the chain.

e.g: CH3CON(C2H5)2 is diethyl-ethanamide

Amine

Functional group: R-NH2

Suffix: amino-

e.g:CH3CH2CONH2 is 1-aminopropane

Acyl chloride

Functional group: R-COCl

Suffix: -oyl chloride

e.g: CH3CH2COCl is propanoyl chloride