POLS Final exam

Base

A compound that accepts H+ in a solution

Acid

A compound that releases H+ into a solution

Buffer

Minimizes and resists changes in pH in a solution

What can the pH of a solution affect? 

Molecular shape and function

Chemical reaction rates

Ability of two molecules to form bonds 

Chemical reaction rates

Ability of ions to dissolve in water 

Carbon

the most important in the structuring of organic molecules? 

A polymer is made up of several monomers bound together. 

True

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. 

False

What are the key functions of carbohydrates? 

Store energy (ex: glycogen & starch)

Cell structure (ex: cellulose in the plant cell wall)

Broken down to make ATP (a source of energy)

Molecular tags allowing for the recognition of specific cells and molecules 

Lipids, which are mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon, are insoluble in water (i.e., hydrophobic).

True

Lipids are linked together by polar covalent bonds.

False

What are the key functions of lipids

Can function has hormones

In animals, they can insulate for warmth and act as 'shock absorbers' 

Make up cell membranes

Can be used for energy storage

Which of the following are true about triglycerides (fats)? 

They are broken apart by hydrolysis reactions 

They are composed of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids 
They can be saturated or unsaturated 

They are formed via dehydration reactions 

They are formed via hydrolysis reactions

Which of the following is true about phospholipids? 

They have 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group 

They have a polar end 

They are a major component of the cell membrane structure 

They are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (i.e., amphipathic molecule)

They have a non-polar end 

Steroid

A lipid with a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 rings

Wax

Very long lipids that look like a fatty acid attached to a long hydrocarbon chain

Phospholipids

Composed of 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Saturated fatty acid

Fatty acid where carbons in the chain have only single bonds

Unsaturated fatty acid

Fatty acid where carbons in the chain have at least one double bond