Reagents and Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Flashcards covering the key reagents and reactions related to alkenes and alkynes, focusing on important principles and reactions.

Hydrogenation

The addition of hydrogen (H₂) across a double bond (C=C) using a catalyst like Pd/c.

Hydrohalogenation

The addition of hydrogen halides (HBr, HCl) across a double bond, following Markovnikov's rule.

Markovnikov's Rule

In addition reactions, the halogen (X) adds to the carbon with the most hydrogens.

Anti-Markovnikov

In some reactions, the halogen (X) adds to the carbon with the fewest hydrogens.

Halogenation

The addition of halogens (Br₂) across a double bond.

Hydration

The addition of water (H₂O) across a double bond, often catalyzed by acids.

Oxymercuration

A reaction that involves mercuric acetate (Hg(OAc)₂) and water to add an OH group across a double bond.

Hydroboration

A reaction that adds B-H (from BH3) to an alkene followed by oxidation to give an alcohol.

1,2-Dihydroxylation

A reaction that adds two hydroxyl (OH) groups across a double bond.

Alkyne Reduction

The process to convert alkynes into alkenes or alkanes using hydrogen and a catalyst like Pd.

Lindlar's Catalyst

A specific catalyst used for the partial reduction of alkynes to cis-alkenes.

Ozonolysis

A reaction that cleaves double bonds using ozone (O₃) to form carbonyl compounds.