Interdependence and Trade Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering international relations theories, legal foundations, and major international organizations from the lecture notes.

Government

Elected officials within a country, such as the United States of America.

Governance

The rules and guidelines that the government must follow and adhere to, such as the US Constitution.

Liberal World Order

A system dependent on more nations becoming democracies and opening up their economies to the world.

International Law

Legal systems like the ICJ and ICC that require buy-in to be effective, though larger countries typically opt out.

Nuremberg Trials and Tokyo Tribunals

Historical trials that established individual accountability for high-ranking government officials and laid the foundation for modern international criminal law.

Geneva Convention 1

A treaty that protects the wounded and sick members of armed forces on land, ensuring medical care and humane treatment.

Geneva Convention 2

A treaty that protects the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea during maritime warfare.

Geneva Convention 3

A treaty defining standards for the humane treatment of prisoners of war (POWs), requiring food, medical care, and protection from violence or humiliation.

Geneva Convention 4

A treaty designed to protect civilians, including those in occupied territories, during armed conflict and prohibiting acts like torture and murder.

Statism

A tenet of realism believing nation states are the main actors in international politics, making it a state-centric theory.

Survival (Realism)

The realist belief that the international system is governed by anarchy and consists of a struggle for power between self-interested states.

Self-help

The realist principle that no other states can be relied upon to help guarantee a state's survival.

Liberalism

A theory that views the international system as a space for cooperation and mutual benefit, emphasizing peace through interdependence and free trade.

Constructivism

A theory suggesting that ideas matter and that powerful individuals/agents socially construct and reshape the nature of international relations.

Marxism

An ideology arguing that the unequal distribution of wealth makes the international order unstable, leading the poor to overthrow the system.

UNSC (United Nations Security Council)

A body consisting of 15 members, where 5 permanent members have veto power and the council has the authority to make binding decisions.

6 Principal Organs of the UN

United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, The Secretariat, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, and Trusteeship Council.

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)

The lead agency on international development working in 170 countries to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality through sustainable development and peace building.

WTO (World Trade Organization)

An organization that establishes rules of trade between countries, handles currency exchange, and ensures fair and equitable trade.

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; promotes peace and security through international cooperation in education, sciences, and culture.

Collective Security

An alliance where nations combine to protect each other and discourage specific behaviors through the threat of punishment or military action.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

The most powerful collective security alliance, created by the USA, Canada, and Western European nations in opposition to USSR expansion.

WHO (World Health Organization)

An agency that fights infectious and chronic diseases through research and works to prevent pandemics from spreading across borders.

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

An international organization often described as the world's financial firefighter.

World Bank

An institution founded to provide loans for rebuilding postwar Europe, currently focused on ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.