Manual on Land Survey Procedures (LAMP 2)

Practice flashcards covering the Manual on Land Survey Procedures (LAMP 2) from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, including vocabulary on control surveys, cadastral systems, and technical specifications.

PRS 92

The Philippine Reference System of 1992, which is the standard coordinate system for all Geodetic Control Surveys in the Philippines.

DAO No. 2007-29

The DENR Administrative Order dated July 31, 2007, known as the Revised Regulations on Land Surveys.

Geodetic Control Surveys

Surveys fixed in position on the surface of the earth by permanent monuments, classified as geodetic and project control surveys.

RA 8560

The Philippine Geodetic Engineering Act of 1998, which governs the qualification of professionals authorized to conduct geodetic surveys.

Survey Order

An authorization defined in Section 15 of DAO No. 2007-29, issued by the NAMRIA Administrator for geodetic control surveys.

Chief of Party

A licensed Geodetic Engineer responsible for general supervision, coordination, and administrative matters of a survey project.

Project Management Plan

A component of the Work Plan that enumerates manpower, financial details, equipment complement, and estimated project duration.

Technical Plan

A component of the Work Plan including a base map, network design, and proposed leveling measurement activities.

Monument Recovery Report

A report accomplished using the form in Annex XIX to verify the status of previously established geodetic control reference points.

First Order Accuracy Baseline

Geodetic control network with a nominal space of $50\,kilometers$.

Second Order Accuracy Baseline

Geodetic control network with a nominal space of $25\,kilometers$.

Third Order Accuracy Baseline

Geodetic control network with a nominal space of $5\,kilometers$.

Fourth Order Accuracy Baseline

Geodetic control network with variable spacing where each Barangay has a pair of control points no more than $2\,kilometers$ apart.

Redundancy

Additional measurements over and beyond the absolute minimum required to achieve the required precision of final coordinates.

Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP)

A value where low numbers indicate a higher probability of accuracy for GNSS observations; the maximum allowed is $7$.

GOV PROP

The inscription marked on reference monuments to designate them as government property.

Arial Bold

The required font type for all letters and numbers on geodetic control monuments.

Single Frequency Receiver

GNSS receiver used for baselines up to $10\,km$ and limited to static positioning.

Dual Frequency Receiver

GNSS receiver with no baseline limitation, used for Static, Rapid Static, Kinematic, and RTK positioning.

Session

A group of control points observed at the same time and linked together through pivot sites.

Pivot Sites

Stations that are common to two or more GNSS sessions.

Logged Interval

The default rate for all receivers during a session, set at $15\,seconds$.

Elevation Mask

The default setting for all receivers during GNSS observations, set at $13^{\circ}$.

Antenna Height

Measurement taken to the nearest millimeter before and after observations to eliminate systematic errors.

Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)

Indicates the geometrical strength of a four or more satellite constellation for point position fixing.

Project Control Surveys

Surveys conducted to establish reference points for a Cadastral Survey, Public Land Subdivision, or Townsite Reservation.

Electronic Total Station (ETS)

Surveying instrument used for traverse, triangulation, or trilateration referred from PRS 92 monuments.

BLLM

Bureau of Lands Location Monument; main control points in large survey projects.

BLLM No. 1

The first primary control point of the main control in a project.

BLLM No. 2

The second primary control point or the last main control station of a project.

Inter-visibility

The requirement in conventional surveying (terrestrial instruments) that control points can be seen from one another.

Triangulation Method

A method to determine distance between primary control lines indirectly where an angle may not be less than $30^{\circ}$.

Grid Azimuth

The azimuth used in projects derived from PRS 92 grid coordinates.

Cadastral Survey

A survey project covering a whole or portion of a municipality/city, including project control, political boundary, and lot surveys.

Political Boundary Survey

The establishment of political boundary monuments defining city/municipal territories and component barangays.

Lot Surveys

The determination of individual lot boundaries and areas for the purpose of acquiring title.

Numerical Cadastre

Conversion and subdivision of previously approved graphical cadastre into numerical data using PRS 92 standards.

CSMP

Cadastral Survey Management Plan, which includes the Project Management Plan and Technical Plan for a cadastral project.

General Public Notice

A notice in Filipino, English, and local dialect distributed and posted in conspicuous places before starting a cadastral survey.

Thirty-Day Notice

A notification giving claimants who failed to appear during sketching a chance to protect their rights before commencing lot surveys.

CBM

City Boundary Monument, numbered consecutively from one for each city.

MBM

Municipal Boundary Monument, numbered consecutively from one for each municipality.

BBM

Barangay Boundary Monument, often common to two or more barangays.

Standard Precision (Tertiary Control)

Accuracy requirement for lot surveys as per Section $28.b.1$ of DAO No. 2007-29.

Boundary Agreement Process (BAP)

A formal process involving claimants and authorities to reach an agreement on parcel boundaries before lot sketching.

Parcel Information Sheet (PIS)

The document replacing the Sketch and Survey Record Card, recording boundary delineation agreements.

One Barangay, One Case

The rule that a cadastral project must be divided into cadastral cases co-extensive with the Barangay.

Point of Curvature (P.C)

The starting point of a curve in right-of-way surveys along railways or highways.

Point of Tangency (P.T)

The ending point of a curve in right-of-way surveys along railways or highways.

Salvage Zone

An easement of $20\,meters$ measured landward from the interior limit of the shoreline for lands bordering seas.

Easement of Coast Police

A mandatory right-of-way $6\,meters$ wide within the Salvage Zone.

Mangrove Forest Strip

A buffer zone inward along a shoreline fronting seas that must be $100\,meters$ wide in storm-prone areas.

Standard Lot Corner Monument

A concrete cylindrical monument at least $15\,cm$ in diameter and $50\,cm$ in length.

Side Shots

Measurement from the nearest traverse station to locate lot corners, limited to $500\,meters$ when using ETS/EDM.

Advance Survey (As)

Survey and return preparation for cadastral lots conducted ahead of others, usually via court order or RED authority.

Public Land Subdivision (Pls)

Survey projects covering Alienable and Disposable (A&D) lands not requiring political boundary surveys.

Group Settlement Survey (Gss)

Surveys defined in Section $6(a)$ of DAO No. 2007-29, following PRS 92 requirements.

Townsite Subdivision Survey (Ts)

Subdivision of townsite reservations into lots using accuracies based on the area's size.

Tie Line

A straight line with known bearing and distance from corner $1$ of a lot to an established reference monument.

Common Point

A corner selected from an earlier survey to be adopted in a current survey when properties overlap or adjoin.

Reclaimed Lands Survey

Surveys of lands from filling submerged areas; requires a buffer zone of at least $20\,meters$ between the waterline and sub-lots.

Amendment Survey (Amd)

A survey project where the old survey number is retained with a suffix, conducted to change original boundary lines.

Complex Subdivision

A subdivision of registered land pursuant to BP-220 and PD-957, as amended.

Friar Land Estates

The specific group of $23\,estates$ listed in Annex XVIII conducted in the PRS 92 system.

Verification Survey (Vs)

A survey ordered by the RTD for Lands when an approved survey is reported to be erroneous or encroaching.

Astronomical Observation

Observations on the sun or stars to determine latitude, longitude, and azimuths of survey lines.

Local Apparent Time

Time obtained directly by observations on the sun.

Equation of Time

The difference found by subtracting local mean time from local apparent time.

Zenith Distance

The angular distance measured from the zenith to a celestial body.

North Polar Distance

The angular distance derived as $90 - Declination$ when the declination is North.

Laplace Observation Method

A method for determining longitude in geodetic surveys.

Azimuth

Direction of a line reckoned from the south as zero direction following clock wise of the quadrants.

Segregation Survey (Sgs)

Survival for the purpose of segregating $20\,percent$ or less of the area of a previously surveyed large tract.

Relocation Survey (Rel)

Re-setting boundary lines of approved surveys using the original bearings, distances, and area.

Resurvey (Rs)

Survey conducted when technical descriptions are missing or to convert magnetic surveys into numerical surveys.

Topographic Survey

Surveys using transit, stadia, leveling, or GPS to determine elevations and physical ground features.

Special Work Order (Swo)

Survey for geographic and scientific investigations that cannot be a subject of titling.

RADT

The Regional Assessment and Delineation Team tasked with forestland boundary assessment.

RINEX

Receiver Independent Exchange; the digital format for raw GNSS data from non-Trimble receivers.

NRF

Network Reference Factor, a statistic used in GNSS baseline processing that should equal $1.00$.

Chi Square Test

A statistical test used during office processing of GNSS data to determine if an adjustment is successful.

Project Control Map (PCM)

A map divided into one-minute quadrants showing main and subsidiary control stations.

Progress Map

A map updated every $3\,months$ showing the status of sketching, monument setting, and lot surveys.

Cadastral Map (CM)

A map on drafting film measuring $54 \times 54\,cm$ showing cadastral lots at a scale of $1:4000$.

Contiguous Cadastral Map (CCM)

A map consisting of four or sixteen sheets drawn on a single sheet at scales of $1:8000$ or $1:16000$.

UPI

Unique Parcel Identifier, assigned to each lot in a Land Information Map (LIM).

SPI

Standard Parcel Identifier, a four-part classifying system for land surveys (Symbol, Regional Code, Serial Number, Suffix).

Suffix D

The identifier in a cadastral survey number indicating the survey was conducted by a Geodetic Engineer in private practice.

Standard Steel Tape

Measuring equipment graduated in metric system, standard at $32^{\circ} C$ with a tension of $10\,kg$.

Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) Accuracy

Equipment operating with an accuracy of at least $+/-(5mm+5ppm)$.

Survey Grade GPS Receiver

Receiver capable of achieving precision of $1\,part\,per\,million\,(ppm)$ to $0.1\,ppm$.

LIM Number

An identifier derived from the geographical coordinates of the extreme west meridian and extreme south parallel at $1:4000$ scale.

Arroyo

A narrow natural bed or channel through which water flows continuously or intermittently.

Estero

A bed or channel through which stagnant, dirty, or salt water flows under the influence of tides.

Creek

A stream of water longer than a brook that empties into a river.

Lake

A considerable inland body of standing water or an expanded part of a river.

River

Any wide natural bed or channel through which water flows continuously or intermittently throughout the year.

Shoreline Definition

The line along the sea coast reached by the highest Equinoctial Tide.

Buffer Zone

A strip of land ($50\,to\,100\,meters$) with vegetation providing protection to natural or mangrove forests.

Monument (Marking Corners)

The first and last corner situated near natural boundaries must be marked with this object of permanent nature.