Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia

The Malay archipelagos

Made up of the Philippines, Indonesia, Borneo, and New Guinea

Dutch East India Company

Charted company established on May 20, 1602

Direct and dualistic

The system of colonial rule that the Dutch adopted in Java

Dutch East India Company

It was established in 1602

Governor-General Jon Pieterzoon Coen

Person responsible for establishing the Dutch empire in Indonesia

Java war

Last major armed resistance by the Javanese aristocracy against Dutch colonial rule, and its conclusion cemented Dutch control over the entire island for the next century

Governor-General Van De Bosch

Implemented the Cultivation System in 1830

Corvee labor

A type of forced labor where they utilized the local population to support government economic projects

Arung Palakka

Was appointed as the overlord of Sulawesi

Western education

It paved the way for the emergence of nationalism among the Indonesians, fuelling their struggle for independence

Ethical policy

Aimed at raising the standard of living of Indonesians

Penang, Malacca, Singapore

These were the strait settlements. Became a crown colony in 1867

Resident system

A system where the Sultan or local ruler was placed in charge of revenue collection and the overall administration of the state

Divide and rule

A policy under which the rulers divide people in small groups, so they cannot rebel against the state