Public Health Nutrition and Food Research Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering public health nutrition definitions, key personnel, legislation, malnutrition forms, assessment methods, and research terminology based on the provided PHN review notes.

Public Health

Encompasses the efforts of organised society to protect, promote, and restore people’s health.

Public Health Nutrition

The utilisation of knowledge in nutrition for the promotion of the nutritional well-being of the community.

Community Nutrition

All efforts and activities organised by the community in the utilization of nutrition knowledge for the promotion of nutritional wellbeing of the community.

ADIME

The five steps of nutrition care: Assessment, Diagnosis, Intervention, Monitoring, and Evaluation.

Nutritionist-Dietitian

A professional person qualified to provide leadership and assume responsibilities for the promotion of nutritional well-being, including preventive, therapeutic, and food service aspects.

Nutrition Assessor

A role that identifies nutritional problems in the community, helps people become aware of their condition, and possesses knowledge on the community’s nutritional status.

Community Organizer

A role that initiates the development of an organization, discovers potential leaders, and considers manpower planning.

Program Planner

An individual who organizes program planning activities, assists and guides people in prioritizing their problems, and plans actions to take for diagnosed problems.

Program Implementer

A role that guides people in solving problems themselves, encourages responsibility for their own health, and involves people in the implementation process.

Nutrition Educator

An individual who counsels individuals/families on nutrition problems, conducts group sessions, translates research findings, and advocates for nutrition programs.

Dr. Jose Fabella

The first secretary of the Department of Health and Welfare during the Commonwealth Regime.

Dr. Coronado R. Pascual

The first director of the Philippine Institute of Nutrition (PIN) in 1947.

Dr. Florentino Solon

The first executive director of the National Nutrition Council (NNC) established by Presidential Decree ($PD 491$) in 1974.

Presidential Decree (PD) 491

The Nutrition Act of the Philippines; declared nutrition as a priority, created the NNC, and designated July as Nutrition Month.

Presidential Decree (PD) 1569

The BNS Program law, requiring every barangay to have a Barangay Nutrition Scholar responsible for delivering nutrition services.

Republic Act (RA) 8172

The ASIN Law (1995), also known as An Act on Salt Iodization Nationwide, mandating all salt for human and animal consumption be iodized.

Republic Act (RA) 10028

Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009, requiring lactation stations in all health and non-health facilities.

Underweight

A form of undernutrition indicated by Weight-for-Age ($WFA$) below normal limits.

Stunting

A form of chronic malnutrition indicated by Length/Height-for-Age ($HFA$) below normal limits.

Wasting

A form of acute malnutrition indicated by Weight-for-Length/Height ($WFH$) below normal limits.

Kwashiorkor

A form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition characterized by generalized edema and a Weight-for-Age ($WFA$) of less than $80\%$ expected.

Marasmus

A form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition characterized by gross loss of subcutaneous fat, a 'wasted' appearance, and a Weight-for-Age ($WFA$) of less than $60\%$ expected.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED)

A nutritional state defined by a Body Mass Index ($BMI$) of less than $17.0$.

Bitot’s Spot (X1B)

A clinical sign of Vitamin A Deficiency characterized by foamy, triangular spots on the conjunctiva.

Keratomalacia (X3B)

A severe clinical sign of Vitamin A Deficiency involving corneal ulceration covering at least $1/3$ of the cornea.

VAD Massive Dosing for Infants (6-11 months)

A single dose of $100,000\,IU$ administered at 9 months of age.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

The most common form of anemia, characterized as Hypochromic Microcytic, meaning red blood cells are smaller and paler than normal.

Cretinism

A condition resulting from severe iodine deficiency during fetal development, leading to mental and physical retardation.

Nutritional Survey

An epidemiological investigation of the nutritional status of a population, typically cross-sectional and identifying chronic malnutrition.

Nutritional Surveillance

The continuous monitoring of nutritional status data to identify causes of malnutrition and initiate intervention measures.

Nutritional Screening

A process of comparing individual measurements with risk-level 'cut-off' points to identify those in need of immediate intervention.

Knee Height Stature Formula (Male)

$$\text{Stature (cm)} = 2.02 \times \text{knee height (cm)} - (0.04 \times \text{age [year]} + 64.19)$$

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

An indicator of severe malnutrition used when scales are unavailable, measuring the summation of muscle, fat, and bone.

Gomez Classification: Moderate Malnutrition

A category of nutritional status where Weight-for-Age ($WFA$) is between $61\%$ and $75\%$ of the expected reference.

Quetelet’s Index

The formula for Body Mass Index ($BMI$), calculated as $\frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2}$.

Plasma Retinol Deficient Level

A serum retinol concentration of less than $10\,\mu g/dL$.

Food Balance Sheet (FBS)

A rough estimate of food supplies available for consumption at the national level, used for formulating agricultural policies.

Oxytocin

A hormone that stimulates milk ejection during lactation.

Prolactin

A hormone, also known as luteotropin, that stimulates milk production.

Outcome Objectives

Quantified statements of desired change in a specific nutritional problem.

PPAN 2017-2022 Goal

To improve the nutrition situation of the country to contribute to Ambition 2040, reducing inequality and child/maternal mortality.

Nutrition-Specific Programs

Programs planned and designed solely to produce nutritional outcomes, such as IYCF or Micronutrient Supplementation.

Nutrition-Sensitive Programs

Development projects (e.g., farm-to-market roads, livelihood programs) tweaked to produce nutritional outcomes for vulnerable groups.

First 1000 Days of Life

The critical period from pregnancy up to the first two years of a child’s life for optimum physical and mental development.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

The daily nutrient intake level that meets the median requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a specific life stage and sex group.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

Independent Variable (IV)

The predictor variable or factor expected to exert influence or affect another variable.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The output or behavior being studied that is expected to be affected by the independent variable.

Stratified Sampling

A probability sampling design where the population is divided into homogenous groups (strata) before elements are selected by random in each strata.

Snowball Sampling

A qualitative sampling method where one participant is selected and asked to identify other individuals with similar characteristics.