Ch.6 terms

active phase

period during which the individuals' symptoms are most prominent  

Bleuler’s “Four A’s”

• Association

• Affect

• Ambivalence

• Autism

Association

thought disorder, as might be evident through rambling and incoherent speech 

Affect

disorder of the experience and expression of emotion 

Ambivalence

inability to make or follow through on decisions

avolition

lack of initiative

Assertive community treatment (ACT)

treatment modality in which a team of professionals from psychiatry, psychology, nursing, and social work reach out to clients in their homes and workplaces 

• encourages empowerment and self-determination

Assertive community treatment (ACT) specs

• Typically consists of a team of abt a dozen professionals working together to help aprox. 100 consumers  

• They help w issues such as helping managing finances and obtaining adequate health care

• Brings care to ppl instead of requiring consumer to make journey as it may be overwhelming for them

Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp)

method of treating symptoms of psychosis in which clinicians don’t try to change client's delusions or hallucination but try to reduce stress associated w these symptoms  

cbt specs

• Originated in the UK

  • non medical alternative. In U.S more attraction bc of studies

• Has been shows to be effective in milleu therapy

Developmental cascade hypothesis

proposal for cause of schizophrenia that integrates genetic vulnerabilities, damage occurring in prenatal in early childhood periods, adversity, and drug abuse as cause of changes in dopamine  

• proposed by stilo and murray 2010

Downward drift

observed in ppl w schizophrenia in which their disorder drives them into poverty, interfering w their ability to work and earn a living

expressed emotion (EE)

family interactions with the individual that reflect criticism, hostile feelings, and emotional overinvolvement or overconcern  

Developmental risk model

regards schizophrenia on a continuum, developing in ppl w a liability to a spectrum of disorders involving psychotic symptoms  

extrapyrimidal symptoms

motor disorders involving rigid muscles, muscle spasms, and restlessness

First-rank symptom (FRS)

symptom that is truly defining, or key, in the diagnosis of schizophrenia  

• developed by kurt schneider

• ex. hearing voices in head

loosening of associations

flow of thought that is vague, unfocused, and illogical

negative symptoms

symptoms that show functioning below lvl of normal behavior

• #5 on schizo list ex avolition

5 Symptoms of shizophrenia

1. Delusion 

2. Hallucinations 

3. Disorganized speech 

4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 

5. Negative symptoms such as restricted affect, avolition, and asociality  

Neurodevelopmental hypothesis

schizophrenia develops during teen or early adulthood due to alterations in genetic control of brain maturation

• disorder of development

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

symptoms that represent exagerations or distortions of normal thoughts and behavior

• 1-4 on schizo list

restricted affect

narrowing range of outward expressions and emotions

schizophrenia

disorder w range of symptoms such as disturbances in range and form of thought, motivation, and interpersonal functioning

social cognition

ability to read emotions and thoughts of others

tardive dyskenesia

motor disorder that has involuntary movements of arms, mouth, and trunk of body

probs w lack of neuroplasticity

• remember too much info

• don’t trim info not needed

• form too many associations when learning new info

clozaoine

has potential side effect of agranulocytis

• affects functioning of white cells

elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia from DSM

• improve validity

• improve diagnostic reliability

• move to dimensional approach to provide quantifiable basis for treatment planning

current state of treatment of schizophrenia

medication, psychological, and sociocultural interventions

• most exciting thing is starting an integrated approach

benefit of 3rd gen antipsychotic meds

reduces episodes of hostile or aggressive behavior

• ex. caraprazine

disorganized speech

language that is incoherent and incomprehensible

safer side effects of atypical antipsychotic meds

• weight gain

• greater insulin resistance

• increase in blood cholesterol

serious side effects of newer, safer atypical antipsychotics

• diabetes

• cardiovascular disease

symptoms needed for brief psychotic disorder

• delusions

• hallucinations

• disorganized speech

• disorganized or catatonic behavior

early sociocultural formulations of schizophrenia (aka family perspective)

• faulty parental interaction produced defective emotional responses

• poor parenting caused cognitive distortion

• faulty communication in childhood

what does developmental cascade propose change of neurotransmitter

changes in dopamine lead to expression of psychosis

cognitive therapy techniques used in schizophrenia

• assist in stress reduction

• teach coping skills

• reduce preoccupation w symptoms

DSM-5 severity ratings

allow clinicians to track client symptoms over time

atypical antipsychotics

• operate on serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

• inability to empathize

• restricted affect

• avolition