RAD 131 Fluoro

What is the first division of the digestive system?

A.Mouth

Which salivary gland is the largest?

A.Parotid

Which salivary glands are the smallest

B.Sublingual

Which salivary glands are located along the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus?

a. Parotid

Which salivary duct opens into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molar?

A.Parotid

Which two imaging modalities have greatly reduced the frequency of sialography?

B.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

For sialography, into which structure is the contrast medium injected?

d. Salivary duct

Which sialographic projection directs the central ray along the mandibular ramus?

b. Tangential projection

Which sialographic projection demonstrates a parotid gland superimposed over a mandibular ramus?

a. Lateral projection

Which two sialographic projections best demonstrate the parotid gland?

c. Tangential and lateral projections

Which gland is demonstrated with tangential projections?

A. Parotid

Which sialographic projection demonstrates parotid and submandibular glands?

a. Lateral projection

Which salivary gland can be demonstrated with a lateral projection when the patient’s head is adjusted so that the midsagittal plane is rotated approximately 15 degrees toward the IR from true lateral and the central ray is directed to a point 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the mandibular ramus?

a. Parotid

Which salivary gland can be demonstrated with a lateral projection when the patient’s head is positioned true lateral and a perpendicular central ray is directed to the inferior margin of the mandibular angle?

c. Submandibular

For the lateral projection demonstrating the submandibular gland, what is the purpose of pressing the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

b. To displace the submandibular gland below the mandible

In which body habitus type is the stomach almost horizontal and high in the abdomen?

d. Hypersthenic

Which curvature is located on the right (medial) border of the stomach?

a. Lesser

Which area is the most superior part of the stomach?

c. Fundus

Which area is the most inferior part of the stomach?

d. Pylorus

The distal esophagus empties its contents into which of the following?

d. Cardiac antrum

Which opening is located between the stomach and small intestine?

B.pyloric orifice

Which opening is at the distal end of the small intestine?

d. Ileocecal orifice

Which structure is the proximal part of the small intestine?

d. Duodenum

Which structure is the distal part of the small intestine?

a. Ileum

In which abdominal region does the large intestine originate?

b. Right iliac

Which structure is the proximal part of the large intestine?

b. Cecum

Which part of the large intestine is located between the ascending and descending parts of the colon?

d. Transverse colon

Which structure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon?

c. Right colic flexure

Where in the large intestine is the left colic flexure located?

c. Between the transverse colon and the descending colon

Which structure is the pouch-like part of the large intestine situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon?

a. Cecum

Where in the large intestine is the sigmoid located?

c. Between the descending colon and the rectum

Approximately how long does it usually take the first part of a barium meal to reach the ileocecal valve?

b. 2 to 3 hours

Approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the rectum?

d. 24 hours

Which two imaging modalities are most commonly used to examine the alimentary canal after the introduction of a barium product?

b. Fluoroscopy and radiography

Which type of contrast medium is most commonly used for examining the upper GI tract?

b. A barium sulfate suspension

To demonstrate swallowing function best, in which position should the patient be placed to begin the fluoroscopic phase of single-contrast examinations of the esophagus?

a. Upright

Which two recumbent oblique positions can be used to demonstrate best an unobstructed image of a barium-filled esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart?

c. RAO and LPO

Which of the following is a major advantage of double-contrast UGI examination over single-contrast UGI examination?

c. Small lesions on the mucosal lining are better demonstrated.

Which description refers to the biphasic GI examination?

d. Combination single-contrast and double-contrast study of the upper GI tract

Which body habitus produces the greatest visceral movement when a patient is moved from the prone position to the upright position?

b. Asthenic

For the PA projection as part of the UGI examination, why should the lower lung fields be included on a 14-inch × 17-inch (35-cm × 43-cm) radiation field?

b. To demonstrate a possible hiatal hernia

For the double-contrast UGI examination, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled duodenal bulb and pyloric canal?

b. AP oblique projection, recumbent LPO position

For the single-contrast UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a barium-filled pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in patients whose habitus approximates the sthenic type?

d. PA oblique projection, RAO position

For the UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection best stimulates gastric peristalsis to demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb better?

d. PA oblique projection, RAO position

Which breathing procedure should the patient perform when UGI images are exposed?

c. Suspended expiration

For the double-contrast UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled fundus?

d. PA oblique projection, RAO position

For the UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection best demonstrates the right retrogastric space?

a. Right lateral projection

For the AP projection with the patient supine (as part of the UGI examination),which procedure should be performed to demonstrate best a diaphragmatic herniation (hiatal hernia)?

b. Tilt the table and patient into a full Trendelenburg position.

To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, as part of the UGI examination?

c. L1-L2

Which examination of the alimentary canal requires that a series of images be taken at specific time intervals after the ingestion of the contrast medium?

d. Small bowel series

For a small bowel series of a patient with hypomotility of the small intestine, which procedure should be performed to accelerate peristalsis?

b. Instruct the patient to drink a glass of ice water.

Which structure, when visualized on an image as part of a small bowel series,usually indicates the completion of the examination?

b. Cecum

What is the proper sequence for filling the large intestine with barium when performing a BE?

b. Rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon

Which instructions should be given to the patient if cramping is experienced during filling of the large intestine for a BE?

c. Concentrate on deep oral breathing.

Before the enema tip is inserted during a BE, why should a small amount of barium sulfate mixture be allowed to run into a waste basin?

b. To remove air from the tube

Which procedure should be accomplished when inserting the enema tip for a BE?

d. Ensure that the tip is inserted no more than 3½ to 4 inches (8.9 to 10 cm).

For the PA projection during a BE, what is the advantage of placing the x-ray table and patient in a slight Trendelenburg position?

c. To help separate overlapping loops of the distal bowel

Which structures of the large intestine are of primary interest with AP axial or PA axial projections during a BE?

a. Sigmoid and rectum

How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection during a BE?

c. 30 to 40 degrees caudal

How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection during a BE?

30-40 cephalically

Which structure of the large intestine is of primary interest for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, during BE examinations?

c. Right colic flexure

Which two oblique projections can be performed to demonstrate best the left colic flexure during a BE?

b. PA oblique projection, LAO position; AP oblique projection, RPO position

Which two oblique projections can be performed to demonstrate best the right colic flexure during a BE?

PA oblique projection, RAO position; AP oblique projection, LPO position

Which structure of the large intestine is best demonstrated if the patient is rotated 45 degrees from a supine position to move the right side of the abdomen away from the x-ray table during a BE?

d. Right colic flexure

For the right lateral decubitus position as part of a BE, which procedure should be done to ensure that the ascending colon is demonstrated in the image?

b. Elevate the patient on a radiolucent suppor

Which BE projection requires that a 10-inch × 12-inch (24-cm × 30-cm) lengthwise exposure field or CR plate be centered to the level of the ASIS?

b. Lateral projection

Which BE projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image?

b. Lateral projection

2 radiolucent contrast media that can be used during double-contrast study?

Air + Carbon Dioxide

why is a time marker displayed on each image made during the oral method small bowel series

to indicate the interval between the exposure of the image & the ingestion of the barium

Left lateral decubitus demonstrates what?

Right colic flexure

Right lateral decubitus demonstrates what?

Left colic flexure

How much of the colon should be demonstrated in the image of a lateral decubitus position?

flexure to rectum

which portion of the large interest is an area of prime interest w/ the lateral projection?

sigmoid + rectum