Pediatric pathology

cystic fibrosis

• genetic condition

• creates excessively viscous mucous that can impair ability to breathe

• increase in pediatric technique

RDS/HMD

• when a baby’s body doesn’t produce enough surfactant to allow for easy breathing, alveoli collapse

• requires increase from pediatric technique

Croup

• viral respiratory infection in infants

• imaging might show epiglottic narrowing

give examples of these classifications of bones

1. short

2. irregular

3. long

4. flat

1. tarsals & carpals

2. vertebrae or sphenoid bone

3. humerus & metacarpals

4. sternum & parietal bones

Ewing’s sarcoma

• malignant, destructive tumor of bone

• requires decrease in technique

Greenstick fracture

• incomplete fracture

• portion of cortext remains intact

Battered child syndrome

multiple fractures at various stages of healing

Osteogenesis imperfecta

• genetic disease

• causes brittle bones

• needs decrease in technique

Rickets

• soft, pliable bones resulting from Vitamin D deficiency

• requires decrease in technique

Scoliosis

• abnormal lateral curvature of spine

• could develop later in life too

  • not just pediatric pathology

Spina Bifida/ Meningocele

• failure of vertebral arch to form

• allows spinal canal contents to form abnormally

fibrous joints mobility classifications: syndesmoses (SI, carpal, tarsal bones)

amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)

fibrous joints mobility classifications: sutures (skull sutures)

synarthrodial (immoveable)

fibrous joints mobility classifications: gomphoses (areas around teeth roots)

very limited movement

cartilaginous joints mobility classification: symphases (pubic symphasis)

amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)

cartilaginous joints mobility classification: synchondroses (epiphyseal plates)

synarthrodial (immoveable)

cartilaginous joints mobility classification: synovial joints (hip, shoulder, interphalangeal, wrist joints)

diarthrodial (freely moveable)

meconium ileus

bowel obstruction caused by meconium that becomes thick & sticky

most common cause of obstruction in children

intussusception

(telescoping; prolapse of one segment of bowel into another section of bowel)

when contrast is used in the GI tract, what is the kVp technique change

increase

Wilm’s tumor

• malignant kidney cancer in children

• may need a little higher technique