Chapter 15

Musculoskeletal System consist of

bones, muscles, and joints of the
body

Joints

where bones come together/type determined by
need for flexibility

Muscles

internal and external movement

Tendons

bind muscles to bones

Ligaments

Binds bones to other bones

Orthopedist

MD

Rheumatologist

MD

Physiatrist

MD

Osteopathic physician

DO

Bones

complete organs composed chiefly of
connective tissue called osseous (bony) tissue, plus a
rich supply of blood vessels and nerves

Ossification

replacement of cartilage with bone

Osteoblast

produce immature bony tissue that replaces
cartilage

Osteocyte

Nourishes and maintain bones

Osteoclast

reabsorb or digest bones

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work to

deposit and tear down bone throughout life

vitamin made by the skeleton

Calcium

Yellow marrow

chiefly fat

Red marrow

rich with blood vessels and immature and mature blood
cells in various stages of development; in later life replaced with
yellow marrow; hematopoiesis is the production of all types of blood
cells in the bone marrow

Bone processes

serve as attachments for muscles, tendons,
and ligaments

Depressions

openings or hollow regions help join bones
or serve as passageways for nerves and/or vessels

Suture

The cranial bones join each other are calledcalled

Air cavities

located in facial and cranial bone lighten the skull
and warm and moisten the air as it passes into the
respiratory system

Joint

coming together of two or more
bones

Suture joints

immovable (skull

Synovial joints:

freely movable (ball and socket types,
e.g., hip or shoulder), (hinge type, for example, elbow,
knee, ankle)

Bursae

Closed sacks of synovial fluid with a synovial membrane located near, but not within a joint. Needed where sliding must take place.

Striated muscle

under voluntary control—they move all the bones as well as face
and eyes

Smooth muscle

control is involuntary—they move internal organs (digestive tract,
blood vessels, ducts of glands)

Cardiac muscle

not consciously controlled and found exclusively in the heart

Adduction

closer to the body

Abduction

moves away from midline

Kyphosis

abnormal condition of outward curvature of the thoracic spine: HUMPBACK

Laminectomy

surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure on a protruding intervertebral disc

Osteitis

Inflammation of bone

Scoliosis

abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine

Osteomalacia

softening of the bones

Osteotome

Instrument to cut bone

osteoclast

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

osteoblast

bone cell that helps form bony tisue

fracture, closed

break in a bone without interrupting the skin; simple or complete fracture

fracture open

fracture in which the bone is broken and bone fragments protrude through the skin; compound fracture

Crepitus

a crackling or grating sound usually of bones

Reduction

used to realign, or "set," broken bone fragments to their natural, anatomical position to promote healing

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.(decrease in bone density)

anklyosis

abnormal condition of stiffness

arthroplasty

surgical repair of joint

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

hydrarthosis

abnormal condition of fluid in the joint

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

chondr/o

cartilage

rheumatologist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

Tenorrhapy

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint

Rheumatioid Arthritis

chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are inflamed

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve at the wrist

myalgia

muscle pain

myocardial

pertaining to the heart muscle

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

atrophy

wasting, shrinking, or thinning of muscle tissue, organs, or body cells

Hypertrophy

the enlargement of an organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its individual cells

what causes osteoarthritis

age related degeneration

osteoporosis occurs in women commonly due to

estrogen deficiency with menopause

muscles in the face are

voluntary

muscular dystrophy is a

an inherited disease

tenorrhaphy is to

suture a tendon

myasthenia gravis(her definition)

causes muscle weakness

what do ligaments join

bone to bone

what do tendons do

attach muscle to bone

ankylosis means

immobility/stiffness of a joint

a broken bone with an open wound in the skin is?

a compound fracture

Osteomyelitis

bacterial infection of bone and bone marrow

synovial fluid

is a fluid that lubricates joints

kyphosis is caused by

osteoporosis

an abscess is

a walled off area of infection

suture joints are

immovable

muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

arthrocentesis

amyotrophic

Pertaining to loss of muscle development