Primary Eye and Vision Care

Primary Eye and Vision Care

A range of services aimed at maintaining optimal eye health, including regular eye examinations, vision correction, and management of ocular diseases.

Prevalence

The total number of cases (old + new) in a population at a given time.

Incidence

The number of new cases during a specific period.

Morbidity

Frequency of disease in a population.

Mortality

Frequency of deaths caused by a disease in a given population over a certain timeframe.

Endemic Disease

Disease consistently present in a region (e.g., Trachoma in poor rural communities in Africa).

Epidemic

Sudden increase in disease occurrence.

Pandemic

Worldwide spread of disease.

Uncorrected Refractive Error

The most common cause of visual impairment worldwide.

Cataract

Leading cause of blindness worldwide.

Vitamin A deficiency (Xerophthalmia)

Leading cause of childhood blindness in developing countries.

Trachoma

Most common preventable infectious blindness.

Primary Prevention

Actions aimed at preventing eye diseases before they occur.

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and treatment of disease.

Tertiary Prevention

Reducing complications of established disease.

AC/A Ratio

The measurement of the convergence induced by accommodation.

Visual Acuity

A measure of form sense, referring to the spatial limit of visual discrimination.

Amsler Grid

A chart used in cases where the central point is not seen, to help diagnose visual problems.

Tonometry

The procedure performed to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP).

Vitamin A

Essential for phototransduction and critical for night vision.

Trachoma

Leading cause of infective blindness globally, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

SAFE Strategy

A prevention strategy for trachoma, including Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvements.

Hyperopia

Also known as farsightedness, a condition where distant objects may be seen more clearly than close ones.

Myopia

A condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects are blurred.

Presbyopia

Age-related condition in which the ability to focus on near objects decreases.

Astigmatism

A common vision condition caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or lens, leading to blurred vision.

Cataract Surgery

A procedure to remove the clouded lens of the eye and, in most cases, replace it with an artificial lens.

Rehabilitation Approach

Addresses permanent vision loss and includes strategies to optimize remaining vision.

Glaucoma

Leading cause of irreversible blindness.

Fundus evaluation

An assessment of the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and macula.