Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases

These vocabulary flashcards cover pediatric communicable diseases, their causative agents, symptoms, isolation precautions, and the standard vaccination schedule based on the nursing lecture.

HAIs

Healthcare-associated infections that are preventable through meticulous hand washing, cleaning, and disposal techniques.

Standard Precautions

The primary level of infection control used when interaction occurs among patients, healthcare personnel, and equipment.

Transmission-Based Precautions

Specific infection control categories consisting of Airborne, Droplet, and Contact precautions.

Varicella-Zoster Virus

The viral agent that causes Chicken-Pox, starting as red bumps that progress into itchy fluid-filled blisters.

Koplik’s spots

White spots inside the mouth that serve as a characteristic symptom of Measles (Rubeola).

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

The bacterium responsible for Diphtheria, which can cause respiratory nasopharyngitis and upper airway obstruction.

Parotitis

The hallmark sign of Mumps involving swelling of the parotid (salivary) glands.

Rubella

Also known as German Measles, a viral infection characterized by a red or pink rash that starts on the face and spreads downward.

Bordetella pertussis

The bacterium that causes Pertussis (Whooping Cough), known for severe coughing fits and a high-pitched "whoop" or "crowing" sound.

Paroxysmal Stage

The second stage of Pertussis characterized by severe coughing fits, vomiting after coughing, and exhaustion.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (Pink-Eye), which in neonates can be caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae and lead to blindness.

Erythema Infectiosum

Also known as Fifth Disease, a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 characterized by a 'slapped cheek' rash.

DTaP Vaccine

A combination vaccine used to protect children against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis.

MMR Vaccine

A combination vaccine that provides immunization against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella.

VIS (Vaccine Information Statement)

A document provided to parents during nursing education to communicate the importance and safety of vaccinations.

Airborne Isolation

The isolation protocol required for patients with Chicken-Pox (Varicella) and Measles (Rubeola).

Droplet Isolation

The isolation protocol required for patients with Diphtheria, Mumps, Rubella, and Pertussis.

Pediatric Anaphylaxis Management

The clinical procedure involving establishing an airway, administering epinephrine via subq or iv routes, and providing fluids.

IPV

The Inactivated Polio Vaccine, typically administered at $2$, $4$, and $6$ months, and again between $4$ to $6$ years.

PCV

The Pneumococcal vaccine, part of the standard pediatric immunization schedule at $2$, $4$, $6$, and $12$ to $15$ months.