HHP:1100 Chapter 1 Review

Introduction and Directional Anatomy

Microscopic Anatomy

Structures that cannot be seen with the human eye

Gross Anatomy

Structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Comparative Anatomy

Similarities and differences in structures between species

Developmental Anatomy

Changes in structures beginning from conception to maturation

Embryology

Changes in structures only from conception to birth

Regional Anatomy

Going through body region by region

Surface Anatomy

Structures that can be seen without dissection

Systemic Anatomy

Going through the body system by system

Integumentary System

Provides protection and regulates body temperature

Anatomical Position

• Standing upright

• Feet parallel and on the floor

• Head level and looking forward

• Arms at side

• Palms facing forward

Axial Region

Head neck and trunk

Appendicular region

Upper and Lower limbs

Cephalic

Head

Otic

Ear

Frontal

Forehead

Occipital

Back of head

Oral

Mouth

Buccal

Cheek

Mental

Chin

Nasal

Nose

Opthamalic

Eye

Cervical

Neck

Pectoral

Chest

Umbillical

Bellybutton/Naval

Abdominal

Ribs to hips

Axillary

Armpit/underarm

Vertebral

Midline of back

Costal

Rib

Pelvic

Hips

Gluteal

Buttock

Inguinal

Groin

Lumbar

Lower back

Perineal

In between anus and external genitalia

Brachial

Shoulder to Elbow

Antebrachial

Elbow to wrist

Carpal

Wrists

Cubital

Back of elbow

Anticubital

Front of elbow

Palmar

Palm of Hand

Femoral

Thigh

Crural

Knee to ankle

Popliteal

Back of knee

Patellar

Front of knee

Pedal

Foot

Planta

Sole of foot

Cutaneous

Skin

Anterior/Ventral

Towards front of the body

Posterior/Dorsal

Towards the back

Superior/cranial

Above

Inferior/Caudal

Below

Medial

Toward midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Intermediate

In between

Proximal

Closer to attachment

Distal

Further from attachment point

Deep

Further from surface

Ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

Opposite side

Coronal plane

Vertical plan, anterior and posterior position

Transverse plane

Horizontal plane, superior and inferior (cross-body)

Sagittal plane

Vertical, left and right section

Midsagittal

Right along midline, symmetrical

Oblique plane

at an angle

A body cavity

Enclosed space within the body that houses internal organs

Dorsal body cavity

Cranial Cavity: Superior, formed by the skull and contains the brain

Vertebral canal: Contains spinal cord

Ventral body cavity: contains two smaller cavities separated by the diaphragm

Thoracic Cavity: Superior

Abdominopelvic Cavity: Inferior

Superficial

Closer to the outside of the body