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What triggers the brain’s reward system when using drugs?
Drugs activate neurons to release excessive amounts of dopamine.
List the four different ways of consuming drugs.
Orally, Smoking, Inhaling, Intravenously.
What are the primary drugs responsible for overdoses in the US?
Fentanyl and COVID-19.
What classification system does DSM 5 use for substance-related disorders?
It is based on the pattern of use and associated behavioral & psychological factors.
What are the three types of substance-related disorders?
Substance use disorders, Intoxication disorders, and Withdrawal disorders.
What characterizes Substance Use Disorders?
Irreversible brain circuit changes, repeated relapses, and strong cravings in the presence of substance.
What symptoms are associated with Intoxication Disorders?
Changes in perception, wakefulness, attention, judgment, and psychomotor behavior.
What happens during Withdrawal Disorders?
Physical & psychological changes occur when an individual stops heavy substance use.
What defines Substance/Medication Induced Disorders?
Usually reversible, severe, temporary & brief, related to substance ingestion.
What are the DSM criteria for diagnosing substance use disorders?
Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria (tolerance and withdrawal).
How does childhood trauma relate to substance use?
Higher ACE scores lead to a strong relationship with substance use problems later in life.
What is the course and prognosis for alcohol use disorder?
Can be reversed but may have lasting physical & psychological problems.
How does caffeine use typically affect older adults?
Older adults are more sensitive to caffeine.
What risks are associated with early cannabis use?
It poses a serious risk factor for internalizing & externalizing mental health disorders.
What are common effects seen in individuals using stimulants?
Increased dysphoria and decreased pleasure with increased stimulant use.
What is the impact of addiction on occupational performance?
It affects ADLs, IADLs, rest, education/work, play/leisure, and social participation.
What is the most common form of treatment for substance use disorders?
Self-help groups and evidence-based psychological support.
