nipah virus

Discovered in _____ - outbreak in ___ and

people in _______ and ______

Discovered in 1999 - outbreak in pigs and

people in Malaysia and Singapore

source of nipah virus

bats

nipah virus is rare but ___

deadly

in the philippines, last outbreak was in ____

2014

in philippines, __ confirmed cases with an _ fatality

case

17 confirmed cases with an 82% fatality case

in philippines, 10 had a history of close contact with

____/ ____ meat consumption

10 had a history of close contact with

horses/ horse meat consumption

in philippines, how many death of horses?

10

(pathogenesis)

hepinaviruses - only _______

_________

zoonotic

paramyxoviruses

transmission?

oro-nasal route

suspected site of initial replication?

lymphoid and respiratory tissues

secondary site of initial replication?

endothelium

CNS invasion

haematogenous route

high lethality - attributed to its evasion of the _________________

innate immune response

virus type?

henipavirus family

transmission?

animal-to-human

human-to-human

first identified?

malaysia, 1999

outbreak?

bangladesh, india, singapore

severity

rare but deadly

pathways of transmission

animal-to-human contact’

human-to-human contact

contaminated food

prevention

• Avoid _________

● Practice ____

● Stay alert in _______

● ______ of surrounding and habitats

• Avoid sick animals

● Practice hygiene

● Stay alert in outbreak zones

● Awareness of surrounding and habitats

Signs and Symptoms

● Mild to chronic disease

● ______ days

- Fever

- Severe headache

- Sore throat

- Nausea and vomiting

- Fatigue

- Cough / Breathing difficulty

- ______ / ______ / ______

Signs and Symptoms

● Mild to chronic disease

● 3 - 14 days

- Fever

- Severe headache

- Sore throat

- Nausea and vomiting

- Fatigue

- Cough / Breathing di culty

- Dizziness / Confusion / Seizures

who are the high-risk groups?

farmer, pig handler, healthcare worker, traveler

early warning signs?

1) fever, severe headache and sore threat

2) nausea, vomiting and fatigue

3) breathing difficulty (serious)

4) neurological symptoms (critical)

(specimen collection)

__________ - symptomatic patients or post-mortem examination

Viral detection - symptomatic patients or post-mortem examination

(specimen collection)

serological testing - _____________(days= ___)

late course of infection (days 10-14)

NDC, India, recommends for diagnosis?

NDC, India, recommends for diagnosis:

1. Throat swabs (viral transport medium)

2. Urine

3. Blood

4. CSF ( Cerebrospinal Fluid)

samples must be collected safely and transported?

triple container packing

2 - 8 degree celcius

recommended storage beyond 48 hours of collection

-20 degree celcius

what level of bsl facility needed

bsl 4

NiV - negative single-stranded __ virus

RNA

WHAT TESTS CAN BE USED TO DETECT ACTIVE INFECTION>

molecular tests and antigen tests

NiV RNA can be detected for ________ of illness

2 weeks post onset

__ serological assays means active infection

IGM

________ in serum peak 20 days to 1 month

post exposure

Anti-NiV IgM in serum peak 20 days to 1 month

post exposure

Anti-NiV IgM in serum peak ____________

post exposure

Anti-NiV IgM in serum peak 20 days to 1 month

post exposure

Anti-NiV IgM in serum peak 20 days to 1 month

post exposure

- Can persist for up to a ___

- More commonly used for __________ studies and ________

Anti-NiV IgM in serum peak 20 days to 1 month

post exposure

- Can persist for up to a year

- More commonly used for epidemiological studies and surveillance

test for early detection?

real time pcr

ELISA = IgM (day __ = ___)

= IgG (day ___ = ____)

ELISA = IgM (day 1 = 50%)

= IgG (day 18 = 100%)

WOW SMILE MEDIA SERVICES

The Department of Health (DOH) has reassured

the public that the Nipah virus is "___" in the

__________ and hasn't been seen in the country

since ___, when 17 cases were reported in

_________. The DOH is monitoring airports

and implementing health protocols, including

passenger screenings and thermal checks, to

prevent the virus's entry and spread

The Department of Health (DOH) has reassured

the public that the Nipah virus is "rare" in the

Philippines and hasn't been seen in the country

since 2014, when 17 cases were reported in

Sultan Kudarat. The DOH is monitoring airports

and implementing health protocols, including

passenger screenings and thermal checks, to

prevent the virus's entry and spread

WOW SMILE MEDIA SERVICES

The Nipah virus is currently being reported in

India, specifically in _________, with __

confirmed cases and ___ contacts tested

negative. The _________________

considers the risk of further spread low and

doesn't recommend travel or trade restrictions

The Nipah virus is currently being reported in

India, specifically in West Bengal, with two

confirmed cases and 196 contacts tested

negative. The World Health Organization (WHO)

considers the risk of further spread low and

doesn't recommend travel or trade restrictions

WOW SMILE MEDIA SERVICES

The virus is ______, meaning it can spread

from animals to humans, and is primarily

carried by ___. Symptoms include fever,

headache, _________, and sore throat, which

can progress to severe _______ and

_______ issues.

The virus is zoonotic, meaning it can spread

from animals to humans, and is primarily

carried by bats. Symptoms include fever,

headache, muscle pain, and sore throat, which

can progress to severe respiratory and

neurological issues.

PHILIPPINE NEWS AGENCY

Arrival areas have Bureau of Quarantine (BOQ)

stations with infrared thermal scanners and

nurses who monitor passengers’ temperatures

and look for symptoms such as ____ or

____. Passengers with __ temperatures

(above 37.5 °C) may be referred to hospitals like

the __________________

Arrival areas have Bureau of Quarantine (BOQ)

stations with infrared thermal scanners and

nurses who monitor passengers’ temperatures

and look for symptoms such as rashes or

wounds. Passengers with high temperatures

(above 37.5 °C) may be referred to hospitals like

the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine.

PHILIPPINE NWS AGENCY

Globally, ____ reported __ confirmed NiV

cases, both nurses from West Bengal. According

to the World Health Organization, the risk of the

virus spreading beyond India is __. The virus

spreads through contact with infected animals

(like __ or __), contaminated food, or

infected people’s ________

Globally, India reported two confirmed NiV

cases, both nurses from West Bengal. According

to the World Health Organization, the risk of the

virus spreading beyond India is low. The virus

spreads through contact with infected animals

(like bats or pigs), contaminated food, or

infected people’s bodily fluids.