Week 1: Orthopedics and Soft Tissue Injury Repair and Management

Sports Physiotherapy

Geriatric Physiotherapy

Orthopedic Physiotherapy

Pediatric Physiotherapy

Neurological Physiotherapy

Cardiovascular Physiotherapy

physical therapy

Bones

Joints

Ligaments

Tendons

Fascia

Muscle

what is orthopedic therapy?

ROM

MMT

Movement quality

Mobility

Function

evaluation

Pain/Inflammation

ROM
Motor Control

Endurance

Strengthening

Power

management

sprain

a type of acute injury which results from the stretching or tearing of a ligament

strain

a type of acute injury that occurs to the muscle or tendon

overstretching, overexertion, overuse of soft tissue

dislocation

force the ends of your bones out of position

subluxation

incomplete or partial dislocation of the boney partners in a joint

muscle/tendon tear

a rupture or strain of a muscle or tendons to which the muscle is attached in the body caused due to an injury or due to overworking of the muscles and acute muscle fatigue

Partial rupture/tear

experienced in the region of the breach when muscle is stretched or when it contracts against resistance

Complete rupture/tear

muscle does not pull against the injury, so stretching or contraction of the muscle does not cause pain

Tendinopathy

all tendon injury pathologies

general term for chronic tendon pathology

Tenosynovitis

inflammation of synovial membrane covering a tendon

Tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon; there may be resulting scarring or calcium deposits

Tenovaginitis

inflammation with thickening of a tendon sheath

Tendinosis

degeneration of the tendon due to repetitive microtrauma

Synovitis

Inflammation of synovial membrane

Excess of normal synovial fluid in a joint or tendon sheath caused by trauma or disease

hemarthrosis

bleeding into a joint, usually due to severe trauma

ganglion

* Small sac of fluid that forms over a joint or tendon (tissue that connects muscle to bone)
* Inside the cyst is a thick, sticky, clear, colorless, jellylike material
* Depending on the size cysts may feel firm or spongy
* Ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or tendon sheath
* May arise after trauma, and sometimes occur with RA

Bursitis

Inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac

contusion

* Discoloration of the skin, which results from underlying muscle fibers and connective tissue being crushed
* This can happen in a variety of ways such as a direct blow to the skin, or a fall taken against a hard surface

overuse syndrome

* Disorder where a certain part of the body is damaged by repeatedly overusing it or subjecting it to too much stress
* Repeated, submaximal overload and/or frictional wear to a muscle or tendon resulting in inflammation and pain

Dysfunction

* Impaired or abnormal functioning
* Loss of normal function of a tissue or region

joint dysfunction

Impaired or abnormal functioning of the joint

contracture

shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of the joint

adhesion

* band of scar tissue that binds 2 parts of your tissue that are not normally joined together
* abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures during immobilization, after trauma, or as a complication of surgery, which restricts normal elasticity and gliding of the structures involved

reflex muscle guarding

Phenomenon in which muscles react to an injury to a joint, bone, or ligament by contracting in order to form a protective splint

cramp

common or lay term for painful, prolonged muscle spasm

muscle weakness

Decreased strength of the muscle

myofascial compartment syndrome

Limb-threatening condition that results from increased pressures within a confined myofascial compartment that impair effective tissue perfusion

overuse syndrome

* State of prolonged inflammation
* Increased pain, swelling, and muscle guarding after activity