Moral Development - Exam #5 (4.14)

moral conduct

explain kids behavior (who is likely too)

moral reasoning

how kids think about about what they do

stage 1 of cognitive model Piaget

2-4 years old = no real conception of morality

stage 2 of cognitive model Piaget

5-7 years old

Moral realism
Objective responsibility
Immanent justice
moral relativism

Stage 3

8-11 yo
moral relativism - kids now realizes that rules are agreement, you can adapt rules, account for motive

Stage 4

brief
you can create new rules as needed
you can reason beyond the personal to societal

moral realism

rules are important + followed

objective responsibility

what makes something moral are the consequences, blaming the victim, the more damage caused the more wrong it was

Immanent Justice

when rule is broken it deserves immediate punishment

Piaget Moral Development Critique

5-6 yo : damage is greater than motive
8-10 yo: damage is equal to motive
11+ : damage is less than motive

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 1 ?

obedience + punishment
avoid punishment
moral realism, rules when broken get punished

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 2?

Instrumental Purpose
gain reward
no empathy, all self-centered

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 3

interpersonal conformity
gain approval from others
what makes something right/wrong is how others think about it

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 4?

Law and Order
an act is wrong if it violates the rules
goal is to do your duty

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 5?

moral decisions depend on personal standards
view laws as arbitrary
individual rights replace laws

Larry Kohlberg - Preconventional morality: Stage 6

universal ethical principles
justice, equality, rights
MLK, ghandi

Kohlberg Critique

same sequence internationally
60% of kids in the first stage

Gender

men score higher on Kohlberg stages

Dr Carol Gilligen

women are trained to care for other = stage 3
men are trained to focus on principle = stage 4
Stage 3 = stage 4 : Morally Equivalent

Morally Equivalent explained

both men and women reason personally
both men and women reason abstractly when theoretical

N or N+1 explained

the best way to persuade someone is to pitch an argument at their stage (n) or one above (n+1)
if you pitch to high they wont understand
if you pitch to low they will get offended

Discipline Styles

1- induction= reason + show child consequences
2- love withdrawal = verbal disapproval, withhold affection
3- power assertion= command, threat, force

Why are induction and love withdrawal the top two choices

because power assertion is linked to stage one of moral development and low level of morality reasoning leads to kids also having low levels of moral reasoning

aggression types

Hostile Agression = behavior designed to inflict pain
Retaliatory aggression = inflict pain after suffering pain
Instrumental= designed to gain something relational