Slovak Syntax and Lexicology Lecture Notes Review

These flashcards cover the core terminology of Slovak syntax, sentence structures, and lexicography based on the provided lecture notes.

Syntax

A linguistic discipline that examines the rules of combining words into higher language units such as syntagmas, sentences, and clauses.

Syntactic Level

The highest level among language levels that ensures the output from the language system into communication and creates grammatically correct units.

Predicative Relationship (Predikatívny vzťah)

A syntactic relationship between a subject and a predicate that forms the basis of a two-component sentence.

Subordinatívny vzťah

A relationship of subordination and superiority where one member is dominant and the other is dependent.

Agreement (Zhoda)

A syntactic means where the grammatical categories of one word adapt to another word in the sentence, typically in gender, number, person, or case.

Government (Väzba)

A subordinative relationship where the dominant word requires the dependent word to be in a specific grammatical case.

Adjunction (Primkýnanie)

A subordinative relationship where a sentence member is attached without a grammatical change in its form.

Subjekt (Podmet)

The basic sentence member that designates the bearer of the action, the originator of the action, or the bearer of a state or property.

Predikát (Prísudok)

The central organizing unit of a sentence that expresses an action, state, or property of the subject.

Verb-Nominal Predicate (Slovesno-menný prísudok)

A type of predicate consisting of a copular verb and a nominal part, which can be a noun, adjective, pronoun, or numeral.

Objekt (Predmet)

A secondary sentence member that develops a verb, completes its meaning, and expresses the affected object, recipient, or result of an action.

Adverbiále (Príslovkové určenie)

A secondary sentence member that expresses the circumstances of an action, such as place, time, manner, or cause.

Atribút (Prívlastok)

A secondary sentence member that develops a noun, either maintaining agreement in gender, number, and case or appearing in a non-agreeing form.

Valencia slovesa

The ability of a verb to bind other sentence members to itself, determining their number and form.

Jednočlenná veta (One-component sentence)

A sentence type that has only one main sentence member called the sentence base (fundament), where the subject and predicate cannot be separated.

Súvetie (Compound/Complex sentence)

A syntactic construction composed of two or more sentences that are content-wise and grammatically connected, each having its own predicate.

Parataktické súvetie (Coordinating clause)

A compound sentence where the individual clauses are equivalent and syntactically independent.

Zlučovacie súvetie (Copulative)

A coordinating clause expressing addition, simultaneity, or a sequence of actions, often using the conjunction 'a'.

Odporovacie súvetie (Adversative)

A coordinating clause expressing contrast or opposition, often using conjunctions like 'ale' or 'no'.

Hypotaktické súvetie (Subordinating clause)

A structure where one clause is dominant (main clause) and the other is subordinate (dependent clause), fulfilling the function of a sentence member.

Elipsa (Ellipsis)

The intentional omission of a sentence member or part of an utterance that can be understood from the context.

Parentéza (Parenthesis)

An inserted part of an utterance that interrupts the basic sentence line to add information or express the speaker's attitude.

Parcelácia (Parcelation)

The fragmentation of a single utterance into several independent parts to add emphasis or drama.

Apozícia (Apposition)

A special type of attribute that further explains a noun or names the same reality in a different way.

Apoziopéza

An intentionally unfinished utterance used to suggest emotion, tension, or uncertainty.

Lexikológia

A linguistic discipline that examines the lexical stock of a language, including word meanings, origins, and relationships.

Slang

The lexicon of a specific social or professional group, often used for identification, expressivity, or economization.

Argot

A secret language used by a specific group, such as in criminal or prison environments, to hide communication.

Dialektizmy

Dialect words used in a specific region that serve regional identification or cultural tradition.

Neologizmy

New words created due to technical progress, social changes, or new phenomena.

Archaizmy

Old words that have been replaced by newer names in common usage.

Historizmy

Names of phenomena or objects that no longer exist, such as 'groš' or 'zbrojnoš'.

Lexikografia

A linguistic discipline concerned with collecting lexical stock, processing vocabulary, and creating dictionaries.

KSSJ (Krátky slovník slovenského jazyka)

A codification dictionary of contemporary Slovak containing spelling, grammatical data, and basic word meanings.

Heslové slovo (Headword)

The basic form of a lexeme in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular for nouns or the infinitive for verbs.