Communication

Communication

The process of sharing information between two or more people.

Four main processes of communication

Formulation, Transmission, Reception, Comprehension.

Role of feedback

Information provided by the receiver to the sender, informing the sender of the integrity of the message.

Language

A socially shared code using symbols (sounds and words) to represent ideas. Components:Content (Semantics), Form (Syntax, Morphology, Phonology), Use (Pragmatics).

Speech

The neuromuscular process allowing expression of language through voice. Systems involved:Respiration, Phonation, Articulation, Resonation.

Hearing

Perception of sound or speech sounds. Components:Vibrations creating sound waves, ear receives waves, brain processes frequency and intensity as pitch and loudness.

Communication disorders

Differences vs. disorders, Speech, Language, Hearing disorders, Types of language disorders, Speech disorders, Hearing disorders.

Age of onset

When the disorder begins.

Organic vs

Organic have clear causes, while inorganic have no known cause.

Degenerative vs

Progressive worsening vs. maintaining over time. Examples:Muscular Dystrophy (Degenerative), Down syndrome (Non-progressive).

Severity levels of a disorder

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound.

Communication development

Joint attention, Rituals of infancy, Caregiver responsiveness.

Caregivers' role

Encouraging communication in infants through turn-taking, listening, and engaging with the child's interests.

Markers of intentionality

Develops between 7 and 12 months, following eye gaze, gestures, requesting or protesting, using voice and gesture to convey intentions.

Types of babbling

Reduplicated babbling (repeating sounds), Variegated babbling (changing sounds).

First words

Typically spoken between 12 to 18 months.

Combining words

Starts around 18 to 24 months. Developing CVC words:Around 48 to 60 months.