Communication

ntroduction to communication

What is communication? Communication is the process of sharing information between two or more people.

What are the four main processes of communication? Formulation (getting thoughts and ideas together), Transmission (conveying thoughts and ideas to another person), Reception (receiving information from another person), Comprehension (making sense of the information)

What is the role of feedback in a communicative exchange? Feedback is information provided by the receiver to the sender, informing the sender of the integrity of the message.

What is language? Define each component with examples (Define Content, Form, and Use - the 3 components of language). Language is a socially shared code that uses a system of symbols, including sounds and words, to represent ideas to others. Content (Semantics) - meaning of words and word combinations Form (Syntax - internal organization of sentences, Morphology - internal organization of words, Phonology - rules for sounds) Use (pragmatics) - rules for social use of language

What is speech? Speech is the neuromuscular process that allows people to express language through voice. What systems are involved in speech? Respiration, Phonation, Articulation, Resonation

What is hearing? Hearing is the perception of sound, or in communication the perception of speech sounds. Define each component. Vibrations are sent then that creates sound waves (how fast is the frequency and how far is the intensity), the ear receives the sound waves, then the brain processes the frequency and intensity of the waves as pitch and loudness (helps make out different speech sounds).

Communication disorders

What is the difference between communication differences and disorders? A communication difference is a variation between linguistic communities and a language disorder is a variation within a linguistic community.

Describe speech, language, and hearing disorders. Language Disorders - Affect semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics. Speech Disorders - affect respiration, phonation, and articulation. Hearing Disorders - Affect auditory pathways from the ear to brain.

Describe the different types of language disorders. Impairment of receptive or expressive linguistic symbols that affects comprehension or expression.

Describe the different types of speech disorders. Articulation and phonological disorders - distortions, substitutions, and omissions of speech sounds. Fluency disorders - repetitions, prolongations, and blocks during speech. Voice disorders - difficulties with voice production (vocal folds). Motor speech disorders - neurological problems

Describe the different types of hearing disorders. What can cause each type? Sensorineural - inner ear or the auditory nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain. Conductive - Outer or middle ear (you can have both sensorineural and conductive) Auditory processing - trouble processing speech sounds

What is age of onset? When the disorder begins.

What is the difference between organic and inorganic (functional) disorders? Organic have clear causes while functional disorders have no known cause.

What’s the difference between degenerative and non-progressive disorders? What are examples of each? Progressive or degenerative disorders are when health conditions worsen over time. EX: Muscular Dystrophy Non-progressive is when health conditions maintain over time EX: Down syndrome

What are the typical levels of severity of a disorder? Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound

Communication development

Know what joint attention, rituals of infancy, and caregiver responsiveness are. Be able to give examples of each one. Joint attention is simultaneous /engaging two or more individuals on the same object or event. (EX reading books, watching tv) Rituals of infancy is giving infants opportunities to learn language. (EX Joint attention, reinforcing labels, routine) Caregiver responsiveness encourages the child to keep communicating. (turn-taking, being face to face, joining in and playing)

Describe the caregivers’ role. How do caregivers encourage communication in infants? They take turns with the child and listen to what they are saying. They join in on play with the child. Engage with whatever the child is interested in.

Describe the markers of intentionality. Develops between 7 and 12 months. They follow another person’s eye gaze, gestures , request or protest an object of interest, use voice and gesture to get their intentions across to another person.

Know the two different types of babbling. Reduplicated babbling, where the sounds repeat (bababa) and variegated babble where the sounds change (bamada)

When do children speak their first words? 12 to 18 months

When do they start to combine them? 18 to 24 months When do they develop CVC words? 48 to 60 months