Organic Reactions and Processing Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover various organic chemistry vocabulary terms from the lecture notes, including types of organic reactions, esterification lab details, and crude oil processing techniques.

Esterification

A chemical reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid that produces an ester and water as products, typically requiring an acid catalyst.

Esters

Organic compounds used as perfumes, odors, and flavors, characterized by names ending in "anoate" or "ate" (such as ethyl benzoate or methyl butanoate).

Naming Esters

A process where the alcohol name prefix comes first, followed by the carboxylic acid name prefix (e.g., ethyl butanoate is formed from ethanol and butanoic acid).

Pentyl ethanoate

An ester synthesized from pentan-1-ol and ethanoic acid that produces a banana scent.

Methyl salicylate

An ester synthesized from methanol and $0.5g$ of salicylic acid that produces a wintergreen scent.

Ethyl butanoate

An ester synthesized from ethanol and butanoic acid that produces a pineapple or strawberry scent.

Butyl ethanoate

An ester synthesized from butan-1-ol and ethanoic acid that produces a red delicious apple scent.

Pentyl butanoate

An ester synthesized from pentan-1-ol and butanoic acid that produces an apricot or pear scent.

Pentyl salicylate

An ester synthesized from pentan-1-ol and $0.5g$ of salicylic acid that produces a scent like flowers.

Fractional distillation

A physical processing method used to separate crude oil components based on their different boiling points.

Intermolecular forces (Boiling Point)

Forces that determine boiling points, specifically London forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.

Solvent extraction

A physical process where various solvents are used to dissolve specific components of crude oil based on polarity and solubility.

Addition reaction

A fast chemical reaction where an alkene or alkyne reacts with a small molecule to produce an alkane, organic halide, or alcohol, usually requiring a catalyst.

Hydrogenation

A type of addition reaction where an alkene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an alkane.

Substitution reaction

A slow chemical reaction requiring light as a catalyst where an alkane or aromatic reacts with a small molecule to produce an organic halide and a small molecule.

Elimination reaction

A method of producing alkenes from either alcohols or organic halides, or by removing hydrogen from an alkane (dehydrogenation).

Complete combustion

An organic reaction occurring in large amounts of oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Incomplete combustion

An organic reaction occurring with insufficient oxygen that produces soot ($C$), carbon monoxide ($CO$), $CO_2(g)$, and $H_2O(g)$, releasing less heat than complete combustion.