Disorders of Childhood

Which field focuses on the disorders of childhood within the context of development over the life span? a. developmental psychology b. developmental neurology c. developmental psychopathology d. developmental neuropathology

c. developmental psychopathology

DSM-5 identifies how many general categories of childhood disorders? a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11

b. 9

The most prevalent childhood disorders are a. autism spectrum disorder and motor disorders. b. internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders. c. specific learning disorder and intellectual disability. d. motor disorders and specific learning disorder.

b. internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders.

Which of the following symptoms might be seen in a child with an externalizing disorder? a. anxiety b. shyness c. depression d. aggression

d. aggression

Which of the following symptoms might be seen in a child with an internalizing disorder? a. social withdrawal b. noncompliance c. overactivity d. impulsiveness

a. social withdrawal

In determining whether a given behavior is normal or abnormal in a child, it is important to consider a. the impact of labeling a child as abnormal. b. what is considered typical for a given age. c. the availability of special services for the child. d. whether the disorder can be successfully treated.

b. what is considered typical for a given age.

You witness a child in the grocery store kicking and screaming because his mother won’t buy him candy. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses might apply to the child? a. an externalizing disorder Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 2 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition b. an internalizing disorder c. It depends on the mother’s response

if she gives in, the behavior is probably the result of poor parenting strategies. d. More information, including the child’s age and the existence of any other signs and symptoms, would be needed to make a diagnosis.

d. More information, including the child’s age and the existence of any other signs and symptoms, would be needed to make a diagnosis.

Research suggests that children in Thailand are likely to be seen at a mental health clinic for problems like a. aggression. b. hostility. c. hyperactivity. d. fearfulness.

d. fearfulness.

Cross-cultural research in developmental psychopathology comparing Thai and U.S. children suggests that a. both cultures have internalizing and externalizing disorders and the problem behaviors are very similar. b. both cultures have internalizing and externalizing disorders, but the specific problem behaviors differ. c. children in Thailand have only externalizing disorders, not internalizing disorders, while children in the United States can have either or both. d. children in Thailand have only internalizing disorders, not externalizing disorders, while children in the United States can have either or both.

b. both cultures have internalizing and externalizing disorders, but the specific problem behaviors differ.

Which of the following is an internalizing disorder? Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 3 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited a. autism spectrum disorder b. oppositional/defiant disorder c. conduct disorder d. childhood depressive disorder

d. childhood depressive disorder

Which disorders are characterized by more outward-directed behaviors? a. externalizing b. internalizing c. extrinsic d. intrinsic

a. externalizing

Which disorders are characterized by more inward-focused experiences and behaviors? a. internalizing b. intrinsic c. externalizing d. extrinsic

a. internalizing

Which of the following is an externalizing disorder? a. specific learning disorder b. separation anxiety c. dysthymia d. ADHD Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 4 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition

d. ADHD Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 4 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition

Dr. Alois works in a child mental health clinic that serves a community with many immigrants. When evaluating children, Dr. Alois should a. use the same methods and assessments as would be used with native-born children. b. focus on the behaviors and stay away from cultural issues that could provoke misunderstandings. c. take into account that the ways in which parents describe behavior varies across cultures. d. try not to ask too many questions so as not to appear intrusive.

c. take into account that the ways in which parents describe behavior varies across cultures.

Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD are about how many times more likely than other children to blurt out answers in a classroom? a. twice as likely b. four times as likely c. six times as likely d. eight or more times as likely

c. six times as likely

In contrast to developmentally normal levels of hyperactivity, hyperactivity associated with ADHD a. impairs the child’s functioning. b. occurs in only a few isolated settings. c. is treatable only with medication. d. is caused by intellectual disabilities.

a. impairs the child’s functioning.

Which of the following distinguishes children with ADHD from other children? a. extreme distractibility b. high levels of anxiety c. problems only in the classroom d. poor social understanding

a. extreme distractibility

Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often a. do remarkably well in school. b. are very shy and withdrawn. c. have difficulty getting along with peers. d. are more creative than their peers.

c. have difficulty getting along with peers.

In research comparing children with and without ADHD, children with ADHD were found to be more likely to send instant messages (IMs) that were a. hostile and off the topic. b. hostile and nonsensical. c. friendly and nonsensical. d. friendly and off the topic.

a. hostile and off the topic.

Most children with ADHD meet the criteria for which symptom specifier? a. predominantly inattentive presentation b. predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation c. predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation in early childhood and predominantly inattentive presentation when starting school d. combined presentation

d. combined presentation

The worst prognosis is for those children who have a. only ADHD. b. only conduct disorder. c. both ADHD and conduct disorder. d. both ADHD and an internalizing disorder.

c. both ADHD and conduct disorder.

Epidemiological studies indicate that ADHD is about how many times more common in boys than in girls? a. two b. three c. four d. five

b. three

Girls with ADHD a. are more likely to be depressed than girls without ADHD. b. do not typically have executive functioning problems. c. are likely to recover spontaneously by adolescence. d. generally have very good peer relationships.

a. are more likely to be depressed than girls without ADHD.

When children with ADHD reach adolescence, a. their ADHD symptoms typically remit. b. other psychiatric disturbances become more prominent than the ADHD, which still remains. c. the severity of their symptoms may be reduced, but most of them continue to meet criteria for the disorder. d. their academic performance greatly improves.

c. the severity of their symptoms may be reduced, but most of them continue to meet criteria for the disorder.

The most common classroom complaint about children with ADHD is that they a. find it hard to play quietly. b. engage in physically dangerous activities. c. don’t follow instructions. d. talk a lot.

c. don’t follow instructions.

In recent molecular genetic studies, both receptor and transporter genes associated with which neurotransmitter have been linked to ADHD? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. GABA

a. dopamine

Heritability estimates for ADHD may be as high as a. 0.40–0.50. b. 0.50–0.60. c. 0.60–0.70. d. 0.70–0.80.

d. 0.70–0.80.

Neurobiological factors related to ADHD are known to affect a. brain function and structure. b. brain function and connectivity. c. brain structure and connectivity. d. brain function, structure, and connectivity.

d. brain function, structure, and connectivity.

Which of these has been shown to help reduce the impact of low birth weight on later symptoms of ADHD? a. vitamin C b. maternal warmth c. nicotine d. breast-feeding

b. maternal warmth

Investigations of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins, such as food additives and lead, a. do not explain more than a small percentage of cases. b. are usually the cause of the disorder. c. are associated only with the inattentional type of ADHD. d. cause most of the milder cases of ADHD.

a. do not explain more than a small percentage of cases.

Research on maternal smoking during pregnancy suggests that it a. is unrelated to ADHD. b. is a potent, direct cause of ADHD. c. is associated with ADHD risk in girls but not in boys. d. is related to other factors that might increase the risk of ADHD.

d. is related to other factors that might increase the risk of ADHD.

Which of the following best explains the observation that children with ADHD and their parents typically struggle with discipline and obeying rules? a. Children with ADHD are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents. b. Parents of children with ADHD are demanding and disapproving. c. Most parents of children with ADHD also have ADHD and are inattentive. d. Children with ADHD do not understand verbal instructions and are thus disobedient.

a. Children with ADHD are often noncompliant and negative in interactions with their parents.

Stimulant drugs have which of the following effects on hyperactive children? a. increased activity level b. immediate and steady improvement in academic achievement c. improvements in attention and reductions in disruptive behavior d. worsening of inattentiveness

c. improvements in attention and reductions in disruptive behavior

The Multimodal Treatment of Children with ADHD (MTA) study found that a. medication alone is more effective than medication plus intensive behavioral treatment. b. intensive behavioral treatment alone is more effective than medication alone. c. children in the medication-alone group experienced a decline in their social skills and peer relationships. d. children in the medication plus intensive behavioral treatment group required lower doses of medication than did those in the medication-alone group.

d. children in the medication plus intensive behavioral treatment group required lower doses of medication than did those in the medication-alone group.

Shannon, a junior in high school, was recently expelled from school following a lengthy history of unacceptable behavior, including destroying school property and repeated instances of physical aggression against other students and a teacher. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this description of Shannon’s behavior? a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder d. conduct disorder

d. conduct disorder

Which of the following is a symptom of oppositional defiant disorder? a. extreme physical aggressiveness b. recurrent verbal or physical aggressive outbursts c. planning aggressive acts against others d. deliberately annoying others

d. deliberately annoying others

What is the nature of the relationship between conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder? a. The relationship remains a matter of debate. b. Oppositional defiant disorder is a milder form of conduct disorder. c. Oppositional defiant disorder is the prodromal phase of conduct disorder. d. Conduct disorder develops from untreated oppositional defiant disorder.

a. The relationship remains a matter of debate.

Compared to children with ADHD, children with oppositional defiant disorder a. are more impulsive. b. are more deliberate in their unruly behavior. c. are more likely to be male. d. have more attentional deficits.

b. are more deliberate in their unruly behavior.

Which disorder includes behaviors that violate the basic rights of others and societal norms? a. internalizing disorder b. ADHD c. conduct disorder d. reactive anxiety

c. conduct disorder

Symptoms of conduct disorder include a. significant prosocial behavior. b. deliberate self-harm. c. serious rule violations. d. inattentiveness.

c. serious rule violations.

Symptoms of conduct disorder may appear as early as a. infancy. b. the preschool years. c. early elementary school. d. the middle grades of elementary school.

b. the preschool years.

When Sam, who had a seemingly normal childhood, was in his teens, he had significant problems at school and at home, including legal problems related to thefts and fights. Now, however, as a young adult, he seems to have gotten his life on track, is gainfully employed, has good friends, and seems to be doing reasonably well, although he does still have occasional issues with substance use and impulsivity. According to Moffitt, Sam would be categorized as having a. life-course-persistent conduct problems. b. adolescence-limited conduct problems. c. antisocial development disorder. d. explosive personality disorder.

b. adolescence-limited conduct problems.

Which theories of the etiology of conduct disorder have empirical support? a. genetic and environmental b. behavioral and psychoanalytic c. biochemical and behavioral d. labeling and biological

a. genetic and environmental

Research on the role of genetics in conduct disorder has found that a. conduct disorder is primarily genetically determined. b. the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect different genetic influences. c. the concordance rates for MZ twins are not appreciably different from those for DZ twins. d. biological factors play a more prominent role in late-onset antisocial behavior than in early-onset antisocial behavior.

b. the different behaviors of conduct disorder reflect different genetic influences.

Two candidate genes that may have a role in the etiology of conduct disorder are MAOA and 5HTTLPR. These genes are related to which neurotransmitter system? a. dopamine b. norepinephrine c. enkephalin d. serotonin

d. serotonin

Children with callous and unemotional traits do not learn to associate their behavior with reward or punishment as easily as do other children, and this problem is associated with dysfunction in brain regions involved in emotion, such as the a. nucleus accumbens. b. corpus callosum. c. amygdala. d. thalamus.

c. amygdala.

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, aggressive behavior is a. both modeled and rewarded in society. b. modeled but not rewarded in society. c. rewarded but not modeled in society. d. neither modeled nor rewarded in society.

a. both modeled and rewarded in society.

The social information processing of aggressive children has a(n) a. prosocial bias. b. egocentric bias. c. hostile bias. d. naïve bias.

c. hostile bias.

A parenting style that is harsh tends to exacerbate which traits of conduct disorder? a. callous and unemotional traits b. defiant traits c. affective traits d. inattentive traits

a. callous and unemotional traits

Being rejected by peers is causally related to aggressive behavior, particularly in combination with a. childhood anxiety disorders. b. childhood mood disorders. c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. d. childhood psychotic disorders.

c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Which of the following has been shown to be a promising treatment for conduct disorder? a. medication b. covert desensitization c. parent management training d. juvenile justice confinement

c. parent management training

In the treatment of conduct disorder, the most promising approaches focus on the a. individual. b. family. c. school. d. legal system.

b. family.

The Head Start program a. prepares low-income children for success in the regular school setting. b. uses medical and psychological interventions only. c. is targeted toward children with developing conduct disorder and ADHD. d. provides meals and food packages to needy families.

a. prepares low-income children for success in the regular school setting.

Compared to other disadvantaged children who attended a different preschool or no preschool, Head Start children, while in the program, a. had significantly improved social-cognitive abilities. b. had significantly higher overall IQs. c. were less socially proactive. d. had similar impulsivity problems.

a. had significantly improved social-cognitive abilities.

Multisystemic treatment a. focuses solely on the child with conduct disorder. b. is based on intervention in community settings, including home, school, and, in some cases, peer group. c. is a combination of medication and individual therapy. d. is multifaceted in the sense that multiple approaches to family intervention are applied.

b. is based on intervention in community settings, including home, school, and, in some cases, peer group.

Depressed children and depressed adults both exhibit which of the following symptoms? a. suicide attempts and early morning awakening b. fatigue and suicidal ideation c. loss of appetite and early morning depression d. delusions and weight loss

b. fatigue and suicidal ideation

Comparison of adolescent boys and girls with respect to depression suggests that a. girls are more likely to be depressed. b. boys are more likely to be depressed. c. the rates of depression for boys and girls are the same in adolescence. d. girls tend to experience more cognitive symptoms of depression.

a. girls are more likely to be depressed.

Studies of the relationship between technology use and psychological disorders suggest that a. technology use is unrelated to disorders or their symptoms. b. technology use increases the risk of disorders. c. technology use may exacerbate symptoms but does not cause disorders. d. technology use seems to be protective and reduces risk.

c. technology use may exacerbate symptoms but does not cause disorders.

Research suggests that the negative attribution style associated with depression in adults becomes stable by a. early childhood. b. middle childhood. c. early adolescence. d. middle adolescence.

c. early adolescence.

A randomized clinical trial comparing Prozac, CBT, and both as a treatment for teenagers with depression found that a. Prozac alone was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms. b. CBT alone was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms. c. CBT alone resulted in more suicide attempts. d. the combined treatment was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms.

d. the combined treatment was most effective in reducing depressive symptoms.

Penelope is a 15-year-old girl who has had the following symptoms for the past month: lack of interest in her friends, loss of appetite and weight, tearfulness, and difficulty concentrating. Which of the following would most likely be effective in treating her problem? a. antidepressant medication and CBT b. multisystemic treatment c. social skills training d. psychodynamic psychotherapy

a. antidepressant medication and CBT

The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends a. using the adult DSM-5 criteria for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. b. using the adult DSM-5 criteria for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents but modifying them to specify that the impairments must occur in at least two settings. c. using diagnostic criteria developed specifically for the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. d. not diagnosing bipolar disorder at all in children and adolescents.

b. using the adult DSM-5 criteria for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents but modifying them to specify that the impairments must occur in at least two settings.

DSM-5 introduced which diagnosis in part to distinguish the episodic irritability that is part of bipolar disorder from severe and chronic irritability? a. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder b. intermittent explosive disorder c. developmental cyclothymia d. adolescent mood dysregulation

a. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

The black box warning on antidepressants relates to the increased risk of which of the following in adolescents? a. eating disorders b. suicide c. anxiety disorders d. hallucinations

b. suicide

Research on substance use in adolescents with ADHD suggests that stimulant medications for ADHD a. increase the risk of substance use. b. increase the risk of stimulant use but not of other substance use. c. do not increase the risk of substance use. d. do not increase the risk of stimulant use but do increase the risk of other substance use.

c. do not increase the risk of substance use.

Research on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder suggests that the apparent increase a. is due, in part, to broadening of diagnostic criteria. b. is due, in part, to increases in requirements for vaccination. c. is an artifact of measurement and rates have actually decreased. d. is accounted for by other factors and rates are steady.

a. is due, in part, to broadening of diagnostic criteria.

John was diagnosed as having selective mutism. This means that he likely a. has a communication disorder that makes him unable to talk. b. refuses to speak in unfamiliar social circumstances. c. communicates to his parents and other family members with gestures only. d. has created his own language

this disorder is common in twins.

b. refuses to speak in unfamiliar social circumstances.

Generally speaking, children exposed to trauma a. do not re-experience the traumatic events as adults do. b. almost always develop PTSD. c. rarely develop PTSD. d. experience the same symptoms as do adults exposed to trauma.

d. experience the same symptoms as do adults exposed to trauma.

Which of the following symptoms manifest in children with PTSD but usually not in adults with PTSD? a. sleep problems b. extreme temper outbursts c. flashbacks d. hopelessness

b. extreme temper outbursts

Which of the following treatment approaches is most effective for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders? a. interpersonal therapy b. cognitive behavior therapy c. behavior activation therapy d. psychodynamic therapy

b. cognitive behavior therapy

For the treatment of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents, the American Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends a. antidepressant medication initially, followed by behavior modification. b. cognitive behavior therapy plus antidepressant medication. c. antianxiety medication initially, followed by cognitive behavior therapy. d. behavior modification plus antianxiety medication.

b. cognitive behavior therapy plus antidepressant medication.

Research on the role of parenting in the etiology of anxiety disorders in youth suggests that a. parenting is crucial in determining anxiety in children. b. overcontrolling parenting almost always results in social phobia in children. c. parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety. d. how parents discipline their children has a strong effect on the development of childhood anxiety.

c. parenting practices play a small role in childhood anxiety.

Which of the following is a symptom of separation anxiety disorder? a. extremely negative cognitive bias b. refusal to go to school or elsewhere c. repeated and severe temper tantrums d. headaches and stomachaches when not separated

b. refusal to go to school or elsewhere

Rather than including a unique diagnosis for dyslexia, DSM-5 Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 24 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited a. combines it with other problems into the diagnosis of specific learning disorder. b. clarifies subtypes of reading disorders based on age of onset. c. clarifies subtypes of reading disorders based on gender. d. includes most reading problems in the diagnosis of intellectual disability.

a. combines it with other problems into the diagnosis of specific learning disorder.

Specific learning disorders are a. due to intellectual disability and deficient educational opportunities. b. typically due to intellectual disability. c. typically due to deficient educational opportunities. d. not due to intellectual disability or deficient educational opportunities.

d. not due to intellectual disability or deficient educational opportunities.

Children with specific learning disorder in reading (dyslexia) a. have global difficulties with reading. b. struggle primarily with proper orientation of letters. c. do not have the disorder as adults. d. often cannot achieve academically.

a. have global difficulties with reading.

Difficulty with math skills is called a. dyspraxia. b. dyscalculia. c. dysphagia. d. dystonia. Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 25 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition

b. dyscalculia.

The diagnostic criteria of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities for intellectual disability state that the disability must begin prior to a. age 6. b. age 12. c. age 18. d. age 21.

c. age 18.

Intellectual disability is diagnosed based on a. parent and teacher reports. b. both IQ test scores and their interpretation. c. measures of sensory and motor abilities by a pediatrician. d. a psychiatrist’s evaluation.

b. both IQ test scores and their interpretation.

For the diagnosis of intellectual disability, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities recommends an individualized assessment a. solely of intellectual functioning. b. using tests free of cultural/ethnic bias. c. of adaptive functioning in a wide range of contexts. d. in coordination with parents and teachers.

c. of adaptive functioning in a wide range of contexts.

In its approach to intellectual disability, the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities focuses on a. categorizing levels of intellectual developmental disorder by IQ. b. identifying subtypes of intellectual developmental disorder based on etiology. c. reducing the stigmatizing effects of labeling by focusing on strengths. d. determining what resources would maximize a person’s functioning.

d. determining what resources would maximize a person’s functioning.

Down syndrome is the result of a. injury during the birth process. b. a recessive gene. c. a specific chromosomal abnormality. d. prenatal exposure to toxins.

c. a specific chromosomal abnormality.

Which disorder involves a mutation in the fMR1 gene? a. fragile X syndrome b. PKU c. Down syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease

a. fragile X syndrome

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the result of a(n) a. infectious disease during pregnancy. b. specific chromosomal abnormality. c. recessive gene. d. prenatal exposure to alcohol.

c. recessive gene.

It is recommended that people with phenylketonuria (PKU) a. be kept on a special diet to prevent intellectual disabilities. b. be educated at home since the disease is highly infectious. c. not have children, since they would almost certainly have severe intellectual disabilities. d. undergo frequent blood tests to determine whether their medication levels are within safe limits.

a. be kept on a special diet to prevent intellectual disabilities.

Prenatal exposure to infectious diseases a. rarely affects the fetus. b. typically leads to spontaneous miscarriage. c. has no effect due to the placental barrier. d. is most serious during the first trimester.

d. is most serious during the first trimester.

Wanda, a 12-year-old girl with severe intellectual disability, was taught to dress herself using the following approach: First, her teacher broke down the behavior of getting dressed into a number of smaller steps, like pulling the neck hole of a shirt over her head, putting her arm into a shirt sleeve, and Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 28 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited then putting the other arm in. Each step was then demonstrated to Wanda, and she was rewarded for each small movement toward the goal. This approach is called a. behavioral rehearsal. b. applied behavior analysis. c. self-instructional training. d. behavior contracting.

b. applied behavior analysis.

Abbie, who has a severe intellectual disability and is nonverbal, is learning simplified sign language to communicate basic needs. This type of intervention is referred to as a. assisted communication. b. basic communication. c. augmentative and alternative communication. d. applied and essential communication.

c. augmentative and alternative communication.

Jim, a 10-year-old boy with intellectual disability, has a habit of hitting himself when he gets excited. Which approach might be particularly useful in reducing his self-injurious behavior? a. applied behavior analysis b. medication c. computer-assisted instruction d. cognitive therapy

a. applied behavior analysis

A disorder in children characterized by seemingly purposeless movements that are repeated over and over and that interfere with functioning is known as Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 29 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited a. autism spectrum disorder. b. stereotypic movement disorder. c. ADHD. d. conduct disorder.

b. stereotypic movement disorder.

Which substance, found in the water supply of Flint, Michigan, in 2014, can cause kidney and brain damage as well as anemia, intellectual disabilities, seizures, and death? a. lead b. mercury c. PFOA d. organophosphates

a. lead

Ideally, adults with intellectual disability in need of support live in a. small to medium-size residences that are integrated into the community. b. single room occupancy facilities in large cities. c. large rural facilities where they can be protected from the stresses of life. d. large residential facilities that make providing care more efficient.

a. small to medium-size residences that are integrated into the community.

What is the current estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder? a. 1 out of every 34 children b. 1 out of every 44 children Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 30 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition c. 1 out of every 54 children d. 1 out of every 64 children

c. 1 out of every 54 children

Autism was first identified by a. Sigmund Freud. b. Leo Kanner. c. Emil Kraepelin. d. Eugen Blueler.

b. Leo Kanner.

Autism spectrum disorder is how many times more common in boys than in girls? a. two times more common b. three times more common c. four times more common d. five times more common

c. four times more common

Misha, age 6, does not play with other children and turns away when they approach her. She spends much of her time spinning a pencil endlessly in her fingers. She does not talk to others, although she does sing jingles from TV commercials. Which diagnosis best fits Misha? a. intellectual disability b. expressive language disorder c. autism spectrum disorder d. specific learning disorder Test Bank Chapter 13 – Disorders of Childhood 13 - 31 Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. Unauthorized copying, distribution, or transmission of this page is strictly prohibited Kring/Johnson, Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition

c. autism spectrum disorder

People with autism spectrum disorder a. typically have a severe antipathy toward routines. b. can have profound problems with the social world. c. often prefer highly creative activities. d. usually go on to be high achievers in academic disciplines.

b. can have profound problems with the social world.

Up to what proportion of children with autism spectrum disorder also have a specific learning disorder? a. one-quarter b. one-third c. one-half d. two-thirds

b. one-third