LE 720 / NHTSA - OWI SFST

In typical enforcement jurisdictions 100 DWI violations will result in?

One Arrest

In the Fort Lauderdale study, police officers arrested ___ of the drivers they contacted whose BAC's were .10 to .20.

22%

Name three different chemicals that are alcohols.

Methyl, Ethyl and Isopropyl (Methanol, Ethanol, and Isopropanol

Which of these is beverage alcohol, intended for human consumption?

Ethanol

What is the chemical symbol for beverage alcohol?

ETOH

What is the name of the Chemical Process by which beverage alcohol is produced Naturally?

Fermentation

What is the name of the process used to produce high concentration beverage alcohol?

Distillation

Blood alcohol concentration is the number of alcohols in every 100 milliliters of blood?

Grams

Pound for pound, the average woman contains more water than does the average man?

False

What do we mean by the "proof" of an alcoholic beverage?

Proof means twice the ethanol percent of the beverage, 80 proof = 40% Ethanol

Every chemical that is an "alcohol" contains what three elements?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Most of the alcohol a person drinks is absorbed into the blood via the small intestine?

True

What is the name of the muscle that controls passage from the stomach to the lower gastrointestinal tract?

Pylorus, or Pyloric Valve

Alcohol can pass directly through the stomach walls and enter the blood stream?

True, usually about 20% of the ethanol a person drinks diffuses through the stomach walls to enter the blood

A man and a woman who both weight 160 pounds arrived at a party and started to drink at the same time. Two hours later, they both have a BAC of .10. Chances are...

He had more to drink than she did

In which organ of the body does most of the metabolism of the alcohol take place?

The Liver

What is the name of the enzyme that aids in the metabolism of alcohol?

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Once a person reaches their peak BAC, it will drop at a rate of about ____ per hour?

0.015

If DWI is a criminal offense, the standard of proof is?

Beyond a reasonable doubt

The purpose of implied consent is?

Encourage a driver arrested for DWI to provide a chemical test for evidence

For the Per Se offense, chemical test result is what evidence?

Presumptive

The Per Se law makes it unlawful to?

Drive with a statutorily prohibited BAC level

DWI Detection is defined as?

The entire process of identifying and gathering evidence to determine whether or not a subject should be arrest for a DWI violation.

Three phases in a typical DWI contact are?

Phase one - Vehicle in Motion

Phase Two - Personal Contact

Phase Three - Pre-arrest Screening

In Phase one, the officer usually has an opportunity to?

Observe the driver operating the vehicle

In Phase Two, the officer must decide?

Whether the driver should be asked to exit the vehicle

Phase Three may not occur if?

The driver is badly injured, grossly impaired, or refuses to submit to the tests

Each major decision can have any of 3 different outcomes, these are?

Yes - Do it now

Wait - Look for additional Evidence

No - Don't do it

At each phase of detection, the officer must determine?

Whether there is sufficient evidence to establish grounds necessary to proceed to the next step in the detection process.

Evidence of DWI is largely what in nature?

Sensory

Law enforcement officers need a system and tools for recording field notes at scenes of DWI investigations because DWI evidence is?

Short lived

Testimony preparations begins?

At the time of initial observation

List things officers should do to prepare testimony just before the trial?

1 - Review field notes

2 - Mentally organize elements of the offense

3 - Mentally organize testimony

4 - Identify weak spots on potential issues of the case

5 - Discuss the case with the prosecutor and other witnesses

In court, the officer's testimony should be organized how?

Chronologically and should cover each phase of the DWI incident.

The Phase One tasks are?.

Observation of the vehicle and to observe the manner in which the driver responds to your signal to stop

Common symptoms of impairment are?

Slowed reactions

Impaired Judgement

Impaired Vision

Poor Coordination

Alcohol impairs the ability to __________ among tasks?

Divide attention

Three clues reinforcing the suspicion of DWI which may be observed during the stopping sequence?

Attempt to flee

No response

Slow response

An abrupt swerve

Sudden stop

Striking the curb or another object

The two major evidence gathering tasks of Phase Two are?

1 - Face to face interview of the driver

2 - Observation of the exit

The major decision of Phase Two is?

Do I have enough suspicion of DWI to instruct the suspect to exit the vehicle

The describable clues an officer might SEE during the Phase Two interview are?

Blood shot eyes

Soiled clothing

Fumbling fingers

Alcohol containers

Drugs or drug paraphernalia

Bruises, bumps, or scratches

Unusual actions

Among the describable clues an officer might here during the interview are?

Slurred speech

Admission of drinking

Inconsistent responses

Abusive language

Unusual statements

Among the describable clues an officer might smell during the interview are?

Alcoholic Beverages

Marijuana

Cover odors

Unusual odors

There are three techniques an officer might use in asking questions that constitute simple divided attention tasks, these are?

Asking for two things simultaneously

Asking interrupting or distracting questions

Asking unusual questions

The Count Down Technique requires the driver to?

Count out loud 15 or more numbers in reverse sequence

Leaning against the vehicle is a clue to DWI which may be overserved during?

The exit sequence

The two major evidence gathering tasks of Phase Three are?

Psychophysical (field) sobriety tests

Preliminary breath testing (PBT)

The major decision in Phase Three is?

Should I arrest the subject for DWI

The entire DWI detection process culminates in?

The arrest decision

Divided attention tests require the subject to?

Concentrate on two things at once

Among the mental and physical capabilities a person needs to drive safely are these four?

Information processing

Short term memory

Judgement and decision making

Balance

The two stages of the WAT are?

Instruction Stage

Walking Stage

The two stages of the OLS are?

Instruction Stage

Balance and counting stage

The purpose of the PBT is?

To demonstrate the association of alcohol with the observable evidence of the suspect's impairment

Two factors that produce high results on a PBT are?

Residual mouth alcohol

Breath contaminants

Two factors that produce low results on a PBT are?

Cooling of the breath sample

The composition of the breath sample

WAT is an example of ________ field sobriety Test

A divided attention

The WAT requires a real or imaginary line and

the suspect to take nine heel-to-toe steps in a straight line

During the ______ stage of the WAT, the subject is required to count out loud

Walking

Based upon the San Diego study, the WAT test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above or below 0.08,______ of the time.

79%

In the WAT test, a subject who steps off the line during the first 9 steps and once again during the second 9 steps and who uses arms for balance twice during the second nine steps has produced ______ distinct clue(s).

Two

The WAT test has ___ possible clues.

8

During the _______________ stage of the OLS test subject must maintain balance for 30 seconds.

Balance and counting

THE OLS requires the subject to keep the foot elevated for ___ seconds.

30

Based upon the San Diego study, the OLS test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above or below 0.08, ___ of the time.

83%

. In the OLS test, a subject who sways has produced _____ clue(s).

One

In the OLS test, a subject who uses arms for balance, is hopping, and puts foot down has produced _______clue(s).

Three

The maximum number of clues for HGN that can appear in one eye is?

Three

Based upon the San Diego study, the HGN test can determine whether a subject's BAC is above 0.08, ___ of the time.

88%

The third clue of HGN is an Onset of Nystagmus Prior to?

45 Degrees

HGN Clues

3 Each Eye - 6 Total

Lack of smooth pursuit

Distinct and sustained Nystagmus at maximum Deviation

Onset of Nystagmus prior to 45 degrees

WAT Clues

Cannot keep balance - Instructional

Starts too soon - Instructional

Stops while walking

Steps off line

Wrong number of steps

Misses heel-to-toe

Uses arms to balance

Improper turn

OLS Clues

Sways while balancing

Uses arms to balance

Hopping

Puts foot down