APUSH Period 6 Set 1

Industrial capitalism

Individuals/businesses invest capital to build industry for profit

Gilded Age

Time of rapid economic growth but also corruption and poverty

Laissez-faire

Economic policy where gov. has limited inference in businesses

Monopoly

One company dominates an entire industry eliminating other competition and controls prices

Push factor

Factor leading to emigration (poverty, instability, persecution)

Pull factor

Factor leading to immigration (jobs, land, family)

Trust

Legal arrangement where multiple companies combine under one to reduce competition

Horizontal Integration

Business strategy where one company merges with other companies increasing market share and reducing competition

Vertical integration

Gaining control over all stages of production and distribution in the same industry

Social Darwinism

Belief that success and wealth come from natural superiority

Robber Barons

Industrialists criticized for exploiting workers and using unfair practices

Captains of Industry

Industrialists praised for expanding the economy + creating jobs

Knights of Labor

Labor organization sought to unite skilled and unskilled workers to promote social reforms

Collective bargaining

Workers negotiating as a group with employers

Strike

Organized work boycott demanding for better work conditions

Haymarket Affair (1886)

Labor demonstration in Chicago turning violent after a bomb explosion leading to anti-labor sentiment

Homestead Strike (1892)

Violent steel strike at Carnegie Steel involving union workers and private security forces

Pullman Strike (1894)

Nationwide railroad strike which disrupted mail + fed. intervention

Homestead Act (1862)

Gave settlers 160 acres of free land if they farmed it for 5 years

Transcontinental Railroad (1869)

Railroad connecting East and West boosting trade and migration

Dawes Act (1887)

Law that allotted tribal lands to individual Native Americans to promote assimilation and weakened tribal structures

Reservation System

Policy placing Native Americans on restricted government land

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

Conflict in which Native Americans defeated US led by Custer

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

Killing of hundreds in Lakota Sioux by US troops marking the end of major Native resistance