Biology Ch 24 - Flowering plants : Structure & organization

2 Plant cell types

Meristem & Differentiated

Meristem cells

Undifferentiated cells that can do mitosis, allow for lifetime growth, don’t have a specific job

Differentiated cells

Have specific function/structure in a plant, do a certain job

Meristem tissue types

Apical - primary growth, at the tips of shoots and roots.

Lateral - secondary growth, adds width/girth

three differentiated tissue types

Epidermal, ground, vascular

Epidermal

outside protective covering

Ground

Filler tissue, inside epidermal, pack in around vascular

Vascular

“transport” system, moves water, and nutrients → root to leaf , and move sugar from leaf to area of need

3 types of ground tissue

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Parenchyma

most common, cells are alive, can do mitosis, in the leaves contain chloroplast

Collenchyma

Thicker walls, immediately under the dermal tissue, stronger, and flexible/supportive

Sclerenchyma

Dead at maturity, thick cell wall with lignin → support the structure of the plant (fiber, sclereids)

Vascular tissue types

Xylem and Phloem

Xylem

Carries water and nutrients from roots to leaves → cells are dead (trachieds/vessel elements)

Phloem

Carrie sugar from production point to area of need → cells are alive (seave tubes, member/companion cells)