Chapter 1 Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement
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31 Terms
Chemistry
The study of matter
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Science
The process by which we learn about the natural universe by observing, testing, and then generating models that explain our observations
scientific method
An organized procedure for learning answers to questions
hypothesis
A testable idea
theory
A general statement that describes a large set of observations and data
Physical properties
A charactristic that describes matter, such as size, shape, and color
Chemical properties
A characteristic that describes how matter changes its chemical structure or composition
substance
Any sample of matter that has the same physical and chemical properties throughout the sample
element
A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components
compound
A substance that can be broken down into chemically simpler components
atom
The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element
molecule
The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound
macroscopic
A view of the universe in which one is working with large numbers of atoms or molecules at a time
microscopic
A view of the universe in which one is working with a few atoms or molecules at a time
mixture
A sample composed of two or more substances
heterogeneous mixtures
A mixture that is a combination of two or more substances
homogeneous mixtures (or solutions)
A mixture that acts as a single substance so that it is not obvious that two or more substances are present
phases
A certain form of matter that includes a specific set of physical properties
phase change
A physical process in which a substance goes from one phase to another
quantity
An amount of something
number
How many (or how much) of something in a quantity
unit
The scale of measurement for a quantity
Scientific notation
A system for expressing very large or very small numbers in a compact manner
power
The exponent in a number expressed in scientific notation